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09 Concepts
DD303 Cognitive Psychology Chapter 9, 2011
10
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
05/08/2011

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Term
Concepts
Definition
Concepts are general ideas formed in the mind: ‘general' meaning that concepts apply to every one of a class of things (usually described as a category)
Term
Categories
Definition
Whereas ‘concept' refers to something in the mind ‘category' refers to those things in the world which a concept is about.
Term
Sorting task
Definition
Participants are shown an array of different items (sometimes words printed on cards) and asked to sort them into groups
Term
Lexical concepts
Definition
Concepts for which there is a single word
Term
Classical view of concepts
Definition
Things belong to categories because they possess certain properties in common. 
1)  If something is a member of a category, then it must possess the properties common to the category's members. (necessary conditions)
2) If something possesses the properties common to a category's members, then it too must be a member of the category (sufficient conditions)
Term
Typicality ratings
Definition
For example, the dogginess of a dog
Term
Category or sentence verification
Definition
Method whereby participants are asked to verify sentences that express categorization judgements eg. 'A penguin is a bird'
Term
Prototype
Definition
A measure of the central tendency of a category that concepts are organized around
Term
Well­ defined categories
Definition
Some categories like even number seem amenable to definition. For these well­ defined categories, the classical view appears to give a good explanation of category membership
Term
Fuzzy categories
Definition
Prototype theories seem to work well for fuzzy categories  like red that seem to have genuine borderline cases. For these, similarity to a prototype might provide the best explanation of category membership
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