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07. Heme/Onc
Rapid Review - First Aid
33
Medical
Professional
07/22/2015

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Term
Four causes of microcytic anemia:
Definition
TICS
-Thalassemia
-Iron deficiency
-Chronic disease (can also be normocytic)
-Sideraoblastic Anemia / Lead poisoning
Term
An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?
Definition
FOBT and sigmoidoscopy--suspect colorectal cancer
Term
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency
Definition
-Sulfonamides
-Antimalarial drugs (primarqiune, chloroquine)
-Daapsone
-INH
-Fava Beans
Term
The is the MC?
-Inherited cause of hypercoagulability?
-Inherited bleeding disorder?
-Inherited hemolytic anemia?
Definition
-Hypercoagulability: Factor V Leiden Mutation
-Bleeding disorder: vWD
-Hereditary spherocytosis
Term
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis.
Definition
Osmotic fragility test
Term
Pure RBC aplasia
Definition
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Term
Anemia associated with:
-Absent radii and thumbs
-Diffuse hyperpigmentation
-Cafe au lait spots
-Microcephaly
-Pancytopenia
Definition
Fanconi's anemia
Term
Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
Definition
-Chloramphenicol
-Sulfonamides
-Chemo / Radiation
-HIV
-EBV
-Hepatitis
-Parvo B19
Term
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
Definition
-Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass.

Polycythemia vera should have normal O2 sat and low EPO levels.
Term
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad?
Definition
FAT RN
-Fever
-Anemia (hemolytic)
-Thrombocytopenia
-Renal dysfunction
-Neurological abnormalities
Term
HUS Triad?
Definition
Hemolytic Anemia (H)
Renal dysfunction - uremia (U)
Thrombocytopenia
Term
Treatment for TTP:
Definition
Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis.
Corticosteroids
Anti-PLT drugs

NO PLT Transfusion!
Term
Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in children?
Definition
-Usually resolves spontaneously.
-May require IVIG and/or steroids.
Term
Which of the following are increased in DIC:
-Fibrin split products?
-D-Dimer?
-Fibrinogen?
-PLTs?
-Hematocrit?
Definition
Elevated:
-Fibrin split products
-D-Dimer

Decreased:
-PLTs
-Fibrinogen
-Hematocrit
Term
An 8yo boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time.
-Dx?
-Tx?
Definition
Dx: Hemophilia A (Factor 8) or B (Factor 9)

Tx:
-Hemophilia A: Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Factor 8 supplements
-Hemophilia B: Factor 9 supplements
Term
A 14yo girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses. Normal PT, normal or increased PTT and increased bleeding time.
Dx?
Tx?
Definition
Dx: vWD
Tx: Desmopressin, FFP or Cryoprecipitate
Term
A 60yo African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?
Definition
-Monoclonal Gammopathy
-Bence jones proteinuria
-Punched out lytic lesions on X-rays of skull and long bones.
Term
Reed-Sternberg cells
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Term
A 10yo boy presents with fever, weight loss and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass.
-Suspected diagnosis?
Definition
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Term
Microcytic anemia with low serum iron, low TIBC and normal/increased ferritin.
Definition
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Term
Microcytic anemia with low serum iron, low ferritin and high TIBC.
Definition
Iron deficiency anemia
Term
An 80yo man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?
Definition
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Term
The lymphoma equivalent of CLL.
Definition
Small lymphocytic lymphoma
Term
A late, life-threatening complication of CML.
Definition
Blast crisis
-Fever
-Bone pain
-Splenomegaly
-Pancytopenia
Term
Auer rods on blood smear
Definition
AML
-M3 type (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
Term
AML subtype associated with DIC? Treatment?
Definition
Dx: M3 (APL)
Tx: All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)
Term
Leukemia associated with Down Syndrome
Definition
ALL

"We ALL fall Down"
Term
Electrolyte changes in Tumor Lysis Syndrome?
Definition
Low Ca2+
High K+
High Phos
High Uric Acid
Term
A 50yo man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9;22). Diagnosis?
Definition
CML

[Philadelphia chromosome BCR-ABL)
Term
Heinz Bodies
Definition
Intracellular inclusions seen in:
-Thalassemia
-G6PD deficiency
-Postsplenectomy
Term
Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia?
Definition
Parvo B19
Term
A 25yo African American man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. management of pain crisis?
Definition
O2
Analgesia
Hydration
Transfusion if severe
Term
A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?
Definition
-Iron overload
-Tx: Deferoxamine
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