Term
How do you interpret the following 95% confidence interval (CI) for a relative risk (RR) of 0.582.
95% CI: 0.502, 0.673 |
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Definition
These data are consistent with RRs ranging from 0.502 to 0.673 with 95% confidence.
--We are confident that the true RR will be between 0.502 and 0.673 95 out of 100 times. |
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Term
| Bias introduced into a study when a clinician is aware of the patient's treatment type |
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Definition
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Term
| Bias introduced when screening detects a disease earlier and thus lengthens the time from diagnosis to death |
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Definition
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Term
| If you want to know if geographical location affects infant mortality rate but most variation in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then socioeconomic status is a ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The proportion of people who have the disease and test positive the ______ |
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Definition
Sensitivity
Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)
[+test/everyone with disease] |
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Term
| Sensitive tests have few false negatives and are used to rule _________ out disease |
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Definition
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Term
PPD reactivity is used as a screening test because most people with Tb (except those who are anergic) will have a +PPD.
-Highly sensitive or specific? |
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Definition
Highly sensitive for Tb.
-Screening tests with high sensitivity are good for diseases with LOW prevalence |
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Term
| Chronic diseases such as SLE--higher prevalence or incidence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epidemics such as influenza--higher prevalence or incidence? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? |
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Definition
Prevalence: Percentage of cases of disease in a population at 1 snapshot in time.
Incidence: Percentage of new cases of disease that develop over a given time period among the total population at risk. |
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Term
| Cross-sectional survey--Incidence or prevalence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cohort study--incidence or prevalence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Case-control study--incidence or prevalence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong |
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Definition
-High reliability (precision)
-Low validity (accuracy) |
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Term
| Difference between a cohort and a case-control study |
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Definition
Cohort study:
Can be used to calculate RR, incidence, and/or OR.
Case-Control Study:
Can be used to calculate an OR, which is an estimate of RR when the disease prevalence is low. |
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Term
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Definition
The difference in risk in the exposed and unexposed groups (e.g., the risk that is attributable to that exposure)
AR = [a/(a+b)] - [c/(c+d)] |
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Term
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Definition
Incidence in the exposed group divided byu the incidence in the nonexposed group.
RR = [a/(a+b)] / [c/(c+d)] |
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Term
The results of a hypothetical study found an association between ASA intake and risk of heart disease.
-How do you interpret a RR of 1.5? |
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Definition
| In patients who took ASA, the risk of heart disease was 1.5 times that of patients who did not take ASA. |
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Term
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Definition
In cohort studies:
-The odds of developing the disease in the exposed group divided by the odds of developing the disease in the nonexposed group.
In Case-Control Studies:
-The odds that the cases were exposed divided by the odds that the controls were exposed.
In Cross-Sectional Studies:
-The odds that the exposed group has the disease divided by the odds that the nonexposed group has the disease. |
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Term
The results of a hypothetical study found an association between ASA intake and risk of heart disease.
-How do you interpret an OR of 1.5? |
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Definition
| In patients who took ASA, the odds of acquiring heart disease were 1.5 times those of patients who did not take ASA. |
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Term
| In which patients do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early? |
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Definition
-IBD
-FAP
-HNPCC
-Those with 1st degree relatives with adenomatous polyps at <60 years of age
-Those with 1st degree relatives with colorectal cancer |
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Term
| The MC cancer in men and the MCC of death from cancer in men? |
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Definition
MC Cancer in men: Prostate
MCC of Cancer Death in men: Lung |
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Term
| The percentage of cases within 1SD of the mean? 2SDs? 3SDs? |
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Definition
1SD: 68%
2SD: 95.4%
3SD: 99.7% |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of live births per 1000 population in 1 year |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths per 1000 population in 1 year |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths (age up to 28 days) per 1000 live births in 1 year |
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Term
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Definition
Number of deaths (age up to 1 year) per 1000 live births in 1 year
[Neonatal + postnatal mortality) |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths during pregnancy to 90 days postpartum per 100,000 live births in 1 year. |
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