Term
| Upper gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
| Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach |
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Term
| Lower gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
| Consists of the small intestine, the large intestine, the anal canal, and the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| Include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of food mixed with saliva, prepared and ready for swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of swallowing food |
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Definition
| An enlarged area to the left located above the opening of the esophagus into the stomach |
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Definition
| The process by which food is broken into smaller units and ground by the teeth; also called chewing |
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Definition
| Small lymphatic vessels extending into the villi of the small intestine, absorbing dietary fats |
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Definition
| Organized lymphatic nodules within the mucous membranes of the small intestine |
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Definition
| The final act of digestion and the elimination of non digestible material |
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Definition
| The distal portion of the stomach, connecting to the duodenum, the first portion of the small intestine |
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Definition
| An enzyme produced by the salivary glands of the oral cavity, starting the digestion of carbohydrates |
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Definition
| A blind sac that marks the beginning of the large intestine |
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Definition
| The first (proximal) portion of the small intestine, connecting to the pylorus of the stomach |
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Definition
| The middle section of small intestine |
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Definition
| The final section of the small intestine connecting to the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of appetite resulting in weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Stomach material produced by digestion of food |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Uncomfortable sensation often leading to the urge to vomit |
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Term
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Definition
| Violent, forceful vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called emesis; forceful expulsion of chyme through the esophagus and out of the mouth |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Failure of the lower esophageal (esophagogastric) sphincter to relax |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation disorder of the gastric mucosal lining that can be acute or chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the GI tract involving both the stomach and the intestine |
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Term
| Infectious gastroenteritis |
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Definition
| Caused by bacteria and viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Small masses of solid material (stones) |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation related to infection of the bile duct |
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Term
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Definition
| Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones |
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Term
| Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) |
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Definition
| Yellowish discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eye due to increase of bilirubin levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammatory condition of the liver, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly, anorexia, abdominal/gastric discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stool, and dark urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical opening created into ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical opening created from colon onto abdominal surface |
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Term
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Definition
| A hard stony mass of feces |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the peritoneal cavity) |
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Term
| Pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Definition
| Infection of the reproductive tract, particularly of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, which can spread to various reproductive organs and can eventually cause peritonitis |
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Term
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Definition
| Outpouching or herniation of mucosa which is the muscular layer of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs most frequently in the ileum. With initial inflammation, ulcers develop and form fissures. Damaged intestinal wall impairs digestion and absorption. Hemorrhaging may occur due to erosion of blood vessels in area of ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| Asymptomatic; presence of multiple diverticula |
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Term
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Definition
| A clear viscous fluid produced by salivary glands, containing digestive enzymes, water, mucin, and organic salts |
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Definition
| The chemical alteration of a substance as it is processed by the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to all chemical reactions in a living organsim |
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Definition
| Glands that secrete their product into a duct system |
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Definition
| Ductless glands that secrete and produce hormones into the the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| Has both exocrine and endocrine functions |
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Definition
| Produced by the liver, essential for fat digestion; stored in the gallbladder and released into the duodenum |
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Definition
| The stored form of glucose found in cells |
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Definition
| Part of the peripheral nervous system controlling involving vital functions |
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Definition
| A hormone produced primarily by the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine; it inhibits gastric emptying and stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach; plays a role in the regulation of gastric motility |
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Term
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Definition
| A branch of the autonomic nervous system that promotes digestion and intestinal motility |
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by intestinal mucosal cells, regulating the pH of the duodenal content |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulated by stress and emotions; inhibits activity of GI tract |
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Definition
| Formed when lipids bind to proteins, which can diffuse into lacteals or lymph capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical released by mast cells and basophils; triggers inflammatory response by dilating capillaries and increasing membrane permeability in injured area |
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Definition
| Dark-colored, tarry stool caused by bleeding int the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Small amounts of blood in the feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater than normal amounts of fats in the feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal narrowing of the tube or duct |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain perceived at a site distant from the actual source |
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Definition
| Pain that originates in the skin, bone, or muscles and is conducted by sensory fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain that originates in organs and is conducted by sympathetic fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Medication to relieve vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Peptic ulcers due to burns |
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Term
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Definition
| Peptic ulcers due to head injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid onset; caused by reduced blood flow to the mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing and obstruction of teh pyloric sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| First stage of hepatitis, also called prodromal stage; characterized by fatigue, anorexia, nausea, muscle aches, fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage of hepatitis, also called jaundice stage; characterized by jaundice, dark urine and light stool, enlarged and tender liver, and blood clotting may be impaired |
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Term
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Definition
| Third stage of hepatitis, also called recovery stage; marked by reduction of signs and may extend over a number of weeks |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the sensation of itching |
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Term
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Definition
| Degenerative liver disorder; lobules covered with fibrous connective tissue, parenchyma degenerates, lobules become infiltrated with fat |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pancreas caused by autodigestion of tissue; relatively rare, but potentially serious disorder; |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of diverticula |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass that protrudes into the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop of intestine that has twiested on itself |
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Term
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Definition
| A portion of intestine slides into the next |
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Term
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Definition
| Ganglion cells are absent; no innervation will cause lack of contraction, resulting in chronic constipation |
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Term
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Definition
| A malabsorption syndrome characterized by intolerance to gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats) |
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Term
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Definition
| Often involves large intestine. Inflammation starts at rectum, spreads throughout colon. Tissue becomes edematous; ulcerations develop and spread to affect large areas of colon impairing abosrption of fluid and electrolytes. |
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