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02 - Molecules and Bonds
Purdue BIOL 221
17
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2018

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Cards

Term
Understand how valence electrons participate in covalent bond formation.
Definition
Valence e-'s are between atoms in order to fill outer orbitals
Term
Describe Polar Covalent bonds
Definition
- Unequal time sharing e-'s
- Electroneg. 0.5 - 1.6
Term
Describe Non-Polar Covalent bonds
Definition
- Equal time sharing e-'s
- Electroneg. < 0.5
Term
What are the electroneg. ranges for strong bonds
Definition
- Non-Polar Covalent (< 0.5)
- Polar Covalent (0.5 - 1.6)
Term
Identify strong bond and weak bonds
Definition
Strong:
- Non-Polar Covalent
- Polar Covalent
- Ionic

Weak:
- H-Bonding
- Van der Waals
-
Term
Describe H-bonds
Definition
- H bonded w/H, N, or O
- Polar Covalent
- Electroneg. 0.5 - 1.6
Term
Describe Van der Waals bonds
Definition
- Hydrophobic interaction
- Fluctuating dipole
Term
Understand why dynamic living systems depend on weak bond interactions.
Definition
- Don’t require enzymes to make/break bonds (unlike strong bonds)
- Many weak bonds together become strong due to consensus binding
Term
How does H-bonding influence heat capacity (water property)
Definition
Heat is molecular vibration, too much vibration disrupts the H-bonds, turning them to the gas phase.
Term
What are the properties of water
Definition
- Heat Capacity
- Cohesion
- Density
- Hydration
Term
How does H-bonding influence cohesion (water property)
Definition
H2O molecules stick together due to the strength of the numerous H-bonds between the molecules, distributing the force on the water, creates surface tension.
Term
How does H-bonding influence density (water property)
Definition
Cooling H2O molecules slows them and their vibrations down. They then form a maximally bound H-bond structure, expanding the overall liquid
Term
How does H-bonding influence hydration (water property)
Definition
Autolysis; H2O (very rarely can) break its H-bond with one another and gain an e-, forming a hydronium ion (leading to pH)
Term
How do hydrophilic substances behave in water
Definition
Polar; interacts w/H2O in H bonding
Term
How do hydrophobic substances behave in water
Definition
Non-Polar; pushed away by H bond network
Term
What is autohydration and what is its importance to pH
Definition
- H2O can break its polar covalent bond to form OH- and H3O+
- pH is the measure of [H+] in a sample (log); therefore -log[H3O+]
Term
Rough estimate of the pH scale
Definition
- Low pH --> Acidic (less H+)
- High pH --> Basic
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