Term 1

 

Poor health is best described as a:

Definition 1

Stressor

Term 2

In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses?

Definition 2

Emotional

Term 3

A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.

Definition 3

Physical
-

Term 4

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

Definition 4

Endocrine

Term 5

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

Definition 5

Sympathetic Nervous System

Term 6

Imagine that you just had a “close call” while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

Definition 6

parasympathetic nervous system
-

Term 7

The flight-or-fight system is controlled first by the:

Definition 7

sympathetic nervous system.

Term 8

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the:

Definition 8

adrenal.

Term 9

Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?

Definition 9

The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system which excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, producing even more arousal.
-

Term 10

I am generally a calm, relaxed person. If you are generally a tense, excitable person, we differ in:

Definition 10

trait anxiety.

Term 11

Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying reactions represent differences in:

Definition 11

state anxiety.

Term 12

Posttraumatic stress disorders:

Definition 12

last longer than a month.
-

Term 13

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:

Definition 13

acute stress disorder.

Term 14

Which of the following is the best example of “reduce responsiveness” as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?

Definition 14

feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities

Term 15

Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?

Definition 15

a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
-

Term 16

Which of the following is the most common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars?

Definition 16

seeing friends seriously wounded or killed

Term 17

What proportion of women are the victims of rape at some point during their lives?

Definition 17

1/6

Term 18

A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?

Definition 18

psychological
-

Term 19

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between biology and stress?

Definition 19

Arousal generated by trauma leads to stress disorders, which may produce more brain changes.

Term 20

A combat veteran undergoing “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” is experiencing which general form of therapy?

Definition 20

exposure therapy

Term 21

A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:

Definition 21

conversion disorder.
-

Term 22

Conversion disorders most often appear in:

Definition 22

adolescence.

Term 23

If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:

Definition 23

somatization disorder.

Term 24

The heart patient complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The best diagnosis for this disorder is:

Definition 24

pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
-

Term 25

Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems?

Definition 25

the failure of a condition to develop as expected

Term 26

Which of the following is an example of malingering?

Definition 26

intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service

Term 27

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing:

Definition 27

a factitious disorder.
-

Term 28

Someone who has Munchausen syndrome, also by definition, has:

Definition 28

a factitious disorder.

Term 29

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

Definition 29

emotionally needy

Term 30

If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:

Definition 30

hypochondriasis.
-

Term 31

People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:

Definition 31

body dysmorphic disorder.

Term 32

Dysmorphophobia is a somatoform disorder characterized by:

Definition 32

preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.

Term 33

The chief criticism of the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:

Definition 33

they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.
-

Term 34

A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders?

Definition 34

The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.

Term 35

Albert had finally had enough of his inability to walk, and he went to a psychologist who told him there was nothing medically wrong. This therapy was based on:

Definition 35

confrontation.

Term 36

Dissociative disorders:

Definition 36

involve major changes in memory
-

Term 37

In the most common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for:

Definition 37

all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.

Term 38

Dissociative fugue states affect ______ memory but not ______ memory.

Definition 38

episodic; semantic

Term 39

Someone who is experiencing “doubling” is:

Definition 39

feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.
-

Term 40

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most immune to developing a stress disorder following trauma?

Definition 40

someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control

Term 41

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

Definition 41

mania.

Term 42

The key emotions in mood disorders are:

Definition 42

sadness and euphoria.
-

Term 43

Which of the following is the least common form of a mood disorder?

Definition 43

full manic episodes with no depressive episodes

Term 44

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?

Definition 44

experiences of sadness and anger

Term 45

Which of the following would be a motivational symptom of depression?

Definition 45

lack of desire to eat
-

Term 46

The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

Definition 46

motivational

Term 47

Having frequent headaches is a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

Definition 47

physical

Term 48

To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:

Definition 48

two weeks.
-

Term 49

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, but this has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would she most likely be diagnosed?

Definition 49

postpartum

Term 50

If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect that person to have:

Definition 50

an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.

Term 51

According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:

Definition 51

regression to the oral stage.
-

Term 52

Which of the following people is showing introjection?

Definition 52

a person who directs feelings of grief for a lost loved one toward himself

Term 53

Seasonal affective disorder is thought to be due to:

Definition 53

increased levels of melatonin.

Term 54

Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:

Definition 54

depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.
-

Term 55

Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

Definition 55

negative interpretation of events.

Term 56

Which of the following is not true of the correlation between marital status and depression?

Definition 56

Depression is about as common among those who are widowed as those who are separated or divorced.

Term 57

People experiencing mania:

Definition 57

want excitement and companionship.
-

Term 58

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is

Definition 58

the severity of the manic episodes.

Term 59

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is most unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?

Definition 59

her age

Term 60

In the “permissive theory” of mood disorders, low ______ activity opens the door to a mood disorder and permits other neurotransmitters to define the form of the disorder.

Definition 60

serotonin
-

Term 61

Which of the following are people most likely to do to improve their mood?

Definition 61

talk to friends/family

Term 62

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is most likely from which orientation?

Definition 62

psychodynamic

Term 63

Which statement about the treatment of mood disorders is the least accurate?

Definition 63

Research shows that psychodynamic therapy is highly effective in treating mood disorders.
-

Term 64

From whom are depressed people most likely first to seek help?

Definition 64

physicians

Term 65

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

Definition 65

behavioral therapy.

Term 66

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

Definition 66

Beck and cognitive therapy
-

Term 67

In cognitive behavior therapy, the process of altering or challenging primary attitudes is similar to:

Definition 67

conducting an experiment.

Term 68

Typically, people who are in the loss and separation stage of grief:

Definition 68

dream that the person is still alive or “see” the person.

Term 69

Which of the following is the best example of interpersonal role transition?

Definition 69

going away to college for the first time
-

Term 70

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

Definition 70

interpersonal deficits.

Term 71

About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?

Definition 71

50%

Term 72

Today, electroconvulsive therapy:

Definition 72

also involves the use of muscle relaxants.
-

Term 73

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

Definition 73

psychotic patients

Term 74

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

Definition 74

MAO inhibitors.

Term 75

Apparently tricyclics work by:

Definition 75

blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
-

Term 76

Psychodynamic therapy is to loss as interpersonal therapy is to:

Definition 76

social problems.

Term 77

Of the following, the treatment that is the most effective with different types of depression is:

Definition 77

cognitive therapy.

Term 78

The major present-day indication for the use of ECT as a treatment for depression is:

Definition 78

when a severely depressed patient does not respond to other therapies.
-

Term 79

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

Definition 79

despite the success of cognitive therapy.

Term 80

The result of “publication bias” with respect to antidepressant medication is that consumers will think antidepressant medication is:

Definition 80

more effective than it actually is.

Term 81

About how many deaths occur by suicide each year around the world?

Definition 81

700,000
-

Term 82

What is a parasuicide?

Definition 82

a failed attempt to commit suicide

Term 83

Ignoring fatigue, a driver finally falls asleep at the wheel, crashes, and dies. The driver's death would most accurately be described as:

Definition 83

self-inflicted but not suicide.

Term 84

In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it:

Definition 84

results from depression or emotional distress.
-

Term 85

What is the critical way in which the death seeker differs from the death darer, according to Shneidman? Death seekers:

Definition 85

intend to end their lives with their action.

Term 86

Bobby plays chicken by aiming his car at a bridge abutment, then veering off at the last second. Bobby is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:

Definition 86

death darer

Term 87

What is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other categories, according to Shneidman?

Definition 87

They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.

-

Term 88

Retrospective analysis involves:

Definition 88

gathering information about a suicide victim's past.

Term 89

At the time of the suicide, a suicide victim was receiving psychotherapy, and left a clear suicide note. This suicide victim is:

Definition 89

the least common kind; about half of suicide victims have never received psychotherapy, and do not leave a suicide note.

Term 90

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship between religion and suicide?

Definition 90

The degree of one's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than one's specific religion.
-

Term 91

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with suicide risk?

Definition 91

being an atheist versus being devout

Term 92

What is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the United States?

Definition 92

use of firearms

Term 93

Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following except:

Definition 93

being in therapy.
-

Term 94

Which of the following is true regarding war veterans' risk of suicide once they return home?

Definition 94

War vets are about twice as likely to commit suicide as similar nonveterans.

Term 95

All of the following are examples of immediate stress except:

Definition 95

serious illness

Term 96

Which of the following people would be at greatest risk of suicide?

Definition 96

someone who had been in poor health for years and is now terminal
-

Term 97

A person who sees life in “right or wrong” “all or none” terms is engaging in:

Definition 97

dichotomous thinking.

Term 98

An increase in which emotion is most often linked to suicide?

Definition 98

Guilt or Sadness

Term 99

Who of the following is most at risk for suicide?

Definition 99

someone who is depressed and dependent on alcohol
-

Term 100

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to:

Definition 100

feelings of demoralization.

Term 101

What kind of theory is Durkheim's theory of suicide?

Definition 101

sociocultural

Term 102

Altruistic suicide is most likely to occur in a country that:

Definition 102

honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.
-

Term 103

Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:

Definition 103

low levels of serotonin.

Term 104

The “typical” child who commits suicide is a:

Definition 104

boy who understands what death really is.

Term 105

Which of the following is true?

Definition 105

None of these statements are true.
-

Term 106

A developing body of research shows that antidepressant use in children and adolescents:

Definition 106

increases suicide risk for some individuals, but decreases the overall suicide risk.

Term 107

Most theories which seek to explain why the rate of teenage suicide is increasing focus on:

Definition 107

social changes.

Term 108

Treatment for suicide attempters:

Definition 108

typically involves medical and psychological care.
-

Term 109

A typical caller to an urban suicide prevention center is:

Definition 109

young, female, African American.

Term 110

The most helpful explanation for suicide, particularly regarding the general background factors and triggers of suicides, comes from the ______ perspective.

Definition 110

sociocultural