Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The wall between the atria is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The innermost layer of the heart wall is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The functions of the venae cavae include which of the following |
|
Definition
returning blood to the atria |
|
|
Term
The skeleton of the heart consists of |
|
Definition
fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular orifices |
|
|
Term
Blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The right ventricle pumps blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood is carried away from the heart by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The left atrium receives blood from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the |
|
Definition
systemic and pulmonary circuits. |
|
|
Term
The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The tricuspid valve is located |
|
Definition
between the right atrium and right ventricle |
|
|
Term
The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The function of an atrium is to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. |
|
Definition
5. vena cavae
1. right atrium
3. right ventricle
7. pulmonary trunk
8. pulmonary veins
2. left atrium
4. left ventricle
6. aorta |
|
|
Term
18) The left and right coronary arteries carry blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The heart wall is composed of ________ layers of tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The three layers of the heart wall are the |
|
Definition
epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium |
|
|
Term
The cardiac skeleton of the heart functions to |
|
Definition
physically isolate the muscle fibers of the atria from those of the ventricles. B) maintain the normal shape of the heart. C) help distribute the forces of cardiac contraction. |
|
|
Term
The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The marginal artery branches off the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve. |
|
Definition
A) bicuspid B) left AV C) mitral |
|
|
Term
Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ________ circuit directly supplies blood to the myocardium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Folding of the valves in the wrong direction is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In rheumatic heart disorder, the bicuspid valves close incompletely, leading to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is ________ per minute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is true regarding cardiac muscle? |
|
Definition
Neither summation nor tetany can occur |
|
|
Term
The ________ of the heart is(are) located in the walls of the ventricles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: |
|
Definition
4. SA node
3. AV node
2. AV bundle
5. bundle branches
1. Purkinje cells |
|
|
Term
Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Select the correct order of stimulation in the nodal pathways |
|
Definition
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, |
|
Definition
the ventricles will beat independently of the atria. |
|
|
Term
The QRS wave on an ECG tracing represents |
|
Definition
ventricular depolarization |
|
|
Term
The T wave of the ECG corresponds to |
|
Definition
ventricular repolarization. |
|
|
Term
The second heart sound is heard when |
|
Definition
the semilunar valves close. |
|
|
Term
Relaxation of the ventricles is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is greater? |
|
Definition
the conduction velocity along a Purkinje fiber |
|
|
Term
Under conditions of hypocalcemia, |
|
Definition
cardiac muscle contraction is weak. |
|
|
Term
Preload directly determines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Heart valves open and close because of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which situation would the filling time be the greatest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The amount of blood the heart beats in one contraction is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ________ accelerates the heart rate when the walls of the right atrium are stretched. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to Starling's law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is |
|
Definition
B) in diastole. C) repolarizing. |
|
|
Term
During ventricular diastole, |
|
Definition
the ventricles are relaxed. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is longest in duration of time? |
|
Definition
the refractory period of cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation is equal to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is greatest during left ventricular systole? |
|
Definition
the pressure in the ventricle |
|
|
Term
The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric contraction is equal to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cardiac output would be greatest when |
|
Definition
sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases |
|
|
Term
The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cardioinhibitory center controls activities of the ________ neurons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The superior chambers of the heart are called _________________________ and the inferior chambers are the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and passes it to the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The heart is surrounded by the _________________________ cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The internal connective tissue network of the heart is called the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The left border of the heart is formed by the _________________________ and a small portion of the _________________________. |
|
Definition
left ventricle; left atrium |
|
|
Term
When arteries connect to one another, it is called an arterial _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The great vessels of the heart are located at the _________________________ of the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The _________________________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cardiac muscle cells are called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________________________ are blood vessels that usually return blood to the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HR x SV = _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The muscle layer of the heart is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a condition called _________________________, the cusps of the bicuspid valve do not close properly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
automaticity or autorhythmicity |
|
|
Term
A slower-than-normal heart rate is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The period between the start of one heartbeat and the beginning of the next is called the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels in blood are monitored by receptors called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The amount of muscle stretch during diastole is called the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The push of blood pressure in the great arteries back toward the heart is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a condition called heart _________________________, the heart is unable to maintain an adequate cadriac output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The amount of blood returning to the heart is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Atherosclerosis of coronary vessels leads to _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term for reduced blood flow to the cardiac muscle is _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A procedure in which a small section of a peripheral vein is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The muscular layer of blood vessels is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compared to veins, arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood vessels that carry blood at the highest pressure are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood vessels that have only a tunica intima are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood flow has the highest velocity in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thick-walled vessels with a large degree of distensibility are called ________ arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The brachial artery would be classified as a(n) ________ artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The outermost layer of the arterial wall is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10) Which of the following is lesser amount? |
|
Definition
the normal blood volume of the venous system |
|
|
Term
The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the cells and the blood are termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Plasma proteins that remain in the blood capillaries help |
|
Definition
maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. |
|
|
Term
Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is affected by |
|
Definition
A) pressure differences. B) the viscosity of the blood. C) the amount of friction in the blood vessels. D) the length and diameter of the blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following conditions would completely stop all NET filtration? |
|
Definition
The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction |
|
|
Term
As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood pressure increases with |
|
Definition
A) increased cardiac output. B) increased peripheral resistance. C) increased blood volume. |
|
|
Term
The one-third of the systolic pressure added to diastolic pressure is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is faster? |
|
Definition
blood flow in the center of a large vessel |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a normal pressure within capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transport mechanisms used by capillaries include |
|
Definition
A) diffusion. B) filtration. C) osmosis. |
|
|
Term
Swelling of a tissue is due to |
|
Definition
increased permeability of capillaries. |
|
|
Term
Blood moves forward through veins |
|
Definition
A) because the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) with the aid of contractions of skeletal muscles. C) with the aid of changes in cavity pressure. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which of the following would the resistance be least? |
|
Definition
a vessel 1 cm in diameter |
|
|
Term
In which of the following would the rate of blood flow be greatest, assuming the same pressure? |
|
Definition
a vessel 10 microns in diameter |
|
|
Term
The third and fourth heart sounds are caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Edema would be likely to form when |
|
Definition
the heart is an insufficient pump. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following will cause a decrease in blood pressure? |
|
Definition
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) |
|
|
Term
Which of the following changes will result in increased nutrient delivery to a specific tissue? |
|
Definition
relaxation of precapillary sphincters |
|
|
Term
Baroreceptors that function in the regulation of blood pressure are located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Angiotensin increases blood pressure by |
|
Definition
increasing peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following factors is most likely to result in an increase in blood pressure? |
|
Definition
decreased blood flow to the kidneys |
|
|
Term
________ causes a direct increase in blood volume. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is greater? |
|
Definition
blood pressure when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases |
|
|
Term
When a capillary bed decreases in blood flow due to locally high oxygen levels, it is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood pressure is lowest in which of the following structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The baroreceptor reflex causes changes in |
|
Definition
A) blood pressure. B) stroke volume. C) heart rate. D) peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
Pulse pressure is the difference between |
|
Definition
systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. |
|
|
Term
A decrease in vessel diameter is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following affects blood pressure indirectly by altering blood volume? |
|
Definition
changing blood glucose concentration |
|
|
Term
In response to hemorrhage, there is |
|
Definition
mobilization of the venous reserve. |
|
|
Term
Symptoms of shock include |
|
Definition
A) hypotension. B) rapid, weak pulse. C) decreased urine formation. D) acidosis. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is greater? |
|
Definition
heart rate during cardiovascular shock |
|
|
Term
Which is a branch of the pulmonary trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The celiac artery provides blood to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following supplies blood to parts of the intestinal tract? |
|
Definition
superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood from the face returns to the heart by way of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The pulse point on the wrist is actually the ________ artery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After passing the axilla, the axillary artery becomes the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the forearm, the brachial artery becomes the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The basilar artery gives off the ________ arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ________ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form |
|
Definition
the common iliac arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple in number and found exiting the posterolateral abdominal aorta. |
|
|
Term
The vessel that receives blood from below the diaphragm is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Small veins of the brain empty into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ________ is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
After receiving the internal jugular vein, the subclavian vein becomes the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The two common iliac veins form the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a remnant of a fetal blood vessel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Elderly individuals are more prone to suffer from ________ than younger individuals. |
|
Definition
A) hypertension B) venous thrombosis C) arteriosclerosis D) problems with the conducting system of the heart |
|
|
Term
Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include |
|
Definition
A) smoking. B) lack of exercise. C) high-fat diets. D) obesity. |
|
|
Term
Vicki has a disabled posterior pituitary. What type of cardiovascular affects might you expect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to allow the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues are _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________________________ drain fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the general circulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The smallest vessels of the arterial system are called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters vessels called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The force that pulls water INTO a capillary is called _________________________ pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure equals _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries is called _________________________ pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The term _________________________ refers to the pressure in the arterial side of the cardiovascular pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________________________ refers to the factors that oppose blood flow in the cardiovascular system. |
|
Definition
Total peripheral resistance |
|
|
Term
_________________________ are the distinctive sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The instrument used to determine blood pressure is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________________________ is the regulation of blood flow at the tissue level. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In _________________________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and tougher. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The condition known as _________________________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques in the lining of arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The largest blood vessels are the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Supply the name of the missing vein: liver, _________________________, inferior vena cava. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Supply the name of the missing vein: cephalic vein, subclavian vein, _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is called the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The second branch off of the aortic arch is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
left common cartoid artery |
|
|
Term
The vessels that supply blood to the diaphragm are the _________________________ arteries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord is called the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine is called the _ |
|
Definition
superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the arm and shoulder is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that branches to form a right common carotid artery and a right subclavian artery is the |
|
Definition
innominate artery or brachiocephalic artery |
|
|
Term
The vessel that supplies blood to the muscles of the upper arm is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The small intestine and most of the large intestine receive blood from the _________________________. |
|
Definition
superior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
The lower part of the large intestine, including the rectum, receives blood from the |
|
Definition
inferior mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
Ovaries or testes receive a blood supply from the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The kidneys receive blood from the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The branch of the common iliac artery that serves the leg is the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The vessel that collects blood from the overlying structures of the head and neck is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood from the inside of the cranium is drained by the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The _________________________ receives blood from the kidney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood is drained from the liver by the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In a fetus, blood from right atrium skips the right ventricle by passing through the |
|
Definition
|
|