Term
|
Definition
| in response to body's needs |
|
|
Term
| hormones are responsible for |
|
Definition
| reproduction, fluid and electrolyte balance, host defenses, responses to stress and injury, energy metabolism, and growth and development |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine system responsibility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maintenance of physiologic stability despite constant changes in the environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feed back mechanisms controls regulation of ________ by either ______ or __________ hormone ___________ |
|
Definition
| endocrine activity, stimulation, inhibiting, synthesis and secretion |
|
|
Term
| feedback mechanisms are triggered by blood levels of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the ________ stalk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland accounts for _______ of it's weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anterior pituitary gland secretes |
|
Definition
| growth hormone or somatotrophic hormone, adrenocoricotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin or lactogentic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone |
|
|
Term
| the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior lobe of the pituitary secretes |
|
Definition
| ADH or vasopressin, oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| pt with pituitary disorders will present with |
|
Definition
| slowed or accelerated growth, visual disturbances, headache, changes in urine output, appearance, skin and secondary sex characteristics |
|
|
Term
| in healthy older adults, pituitary function remains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased ADH secretion impairs ability tO __________ increasing risk of _________ |
|
Definition
| concentrate urine, dehydration |
|
|
Term
| radiographic studies related to pituitary |
|
Definition
Conventional radiographs
Computed tomographic (CT) scans
MRI
Cerebral angiography |
|
|
Term
| lab stories r/t pituitary |
|
Definition
Radioimmunoassay
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Hormone reserve activity also can be measured using a number of “suppression” or “stimulation” tests |
|
|
Term
| Hyperpituitarism Pathologic state caused by excess production of one or more of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common factor of hyperpituitarism is presence of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperpituitarism tens to occur in |
|
Definition
| young women during teens and early 30s |
|
|
Term
| in hyperpituitarism _________ and ________ is often in excess |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overproduction of growth hormone leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| overproduction of prolactin causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most pt with acromegaly have pituitary ________ that secrete _________ |
|
Definition
| macroadenomas, excess growth hormone |
|
|
Term
| hyperpituitarism also affects the |
|
Definition
| cardiovascular, digestive, nervous and genitourinary systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual deficits and headches, enlarged hands, feet, sinuses, deformities of spine and mandible, enlarged tongue, skin, liver and spleen, excessive perspiration, oily skin, peripheral neuropathies, joint degeneration, muscle weakness, excess growth hormone impedes activity of insulin |
|
|
Term
| the first signs of hyperpituitarism are usually |
|
Definition
| visual deficits an headaches |
|
|
Term
| visual deficits and headaches r/t hyperpituitarism is often a result of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiographic studies for hyperpituitarism involves |
|
Definition
CT scans using a water-soluble dye
MRI |
|
|
Term
| lab studies for hyperpituitarism |
|
Definition
Anterior pituitary hormone levels
Dexamethasone suppression tests |
|
|
Term
| drug therapy for hyperpituitarism |
|
Definition
| Somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonists, GH receptor antagonists, and octreotide |
|
|
Term
| octreotide is also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| octreotide is given _________ by _______ injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of drug therapy for hyperpituitarism |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pain at injection site |
|
|
Term
| drug for hyperpituitarism suppresses _______ and _______ must be monitored |
|
Definition
| insulin secretion, blood glucose |
|
|
Term
| for drug therapy r/t hyperpituitarism monitor ______________ to detect |
|
Definition
| weight and BP, fluid retention |
|
|
Term
| surgical removal of the adenoma or of the pituitary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transshenoidal surgical approach involves _______ procedure under __________ anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in hyperpituitarism assess for |
|
Definition
| gigantism/acromegaly: energy level, height/weight, vital signs, contours of the face and skull, visual acuity, speech, voice quality, abdominal distention |
|
|
Term
| inadequate secretion of growth hormone during preadolescence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in dwarfism attainment of a max height is _____ below normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| growth has been completed and some pathologic process impairs the function of the pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s&s of hypopituitarism depends on |
|
Definition
| stage of life which hormones are deficient |
|
|
Term
| dwarfism occurs early and _____ may be delayed or absent ______ means shorter life span |
|
Definition
| sexual maturation, accelerated patter of aging |
|
|
Term
| S&S of panhypopituitarism |
|
Definition
| simmonds cachexia, absence of ACTH, thyroid stimulating hormone is depleted, decreased pigmentation of the skin, gonads may become atrophied |
|
|
Term
| muscle and organ wasting and disruptions of both digestion and metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absence of ACTH affects ability to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
| excessive output of dilute urine |
|
|
Term
| nephrogenic DI is _______ and renal tubules do not respond to _______ resulting in inadequate ________ |
|
Definition
| inherited, ADH, water reabsorption |
|
|
Term
| a defect in either the production or secretion of ADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A disorder of thirst stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with DI when a patient ingests water serum osmolality _____ which causes ________ secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with DI there's a antidiuretic hormone deficiencies or inability of ______ to respond to _______ resulting in the excretion of large volumes of very ________ urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S&S of diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
| massive diuresis, dehydration, thirst, malaise, lethargy, irritability |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis for DI involve 24 urine output greater than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medical treatment of DI involves _______ replacement and ______ which are often required to maintain adequate ______ |
|
Definition
| IV fluid volume, vasopressors, BP |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of neurogenic DI includes |
|
Definition
| DDAVP, sodium intake restricted and thiazide diuretics prescribed |
|
|
Term
| cause of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is water imbalance r/t an increase in ______ synthesis or secretion or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors which may cause SIADH |
|
Definition
| brain trauma, surgery, tumors, infection, vasopressin, general anesthesia, oral hypoglycemic agents, tricyclic antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| other factors that may cause SIADH |
|
Definition
| pulmonary diseases, hypothyroidism, lupus erythematosus, small cell lung cancer, duodenal cancer, pancreatic cancer |
|
|
Term
| in SIADH ADH is elevated despite normal or low |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with SIADH plasma volume expands causing |
|
Definition
| the BP to rise, body sodium is diluted and water intoxication develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakness, muscle, cramps or twitching, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, irritability, headache, weight gain without edema, pt may have seizures or lapse into a coma |
|
|
Term
| when the central nervous system is affected by water intoxication the level of consciousness _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
