Term
| in what cause of delayed puberty would pulsitile secretion of GnRH be effective: hypothalamic dysfunction, leydig cell dysfunction, androgen insensitivity syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which step in testosterone synthesis is arivated by LH |
|
Definition
| cholesterol to pregnalone |
|
|
Term
| which steridogenic enzyme is not present in gonads: 17a-hydroxylase, 21B-hydroxylase, cholesterol desmolase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which hormone maintains the corpus luteum of pregnacy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which organs are needed to make estrogen during third trimester |
|
Definition
| placenta, maternal liver, fetal liver, fetal adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| what part of menstural cycle does dominent follicle make most of its estrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the menstural cycle does the corpus luteum regress if fertilization does not occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a male with a 5a-reductase deficiency what features are present: testes, muscle mass, male hair, epididymis, deep voice |
|
Definition
| testes, muscle mass, epididymis, deep voice |
|
|
Term
| what is an action of CCK: contract gallbladder, acceleerate gastric emptying, stimulate bicarbonate, stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion |
|
Definition
| contract gallbladder, stimulate bicarbonate, stimulate pancreas |
|
|
Term
| patient with duodenal ulcer is treated with H secretion inhibitor from parietal cells. what is the MOA of this drug? inhibit Na/K ATPase, inhibit muscrinic receptors, stimulate muscurinic receptors, decrease cAMP, inhibit somatostatins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during upstroke of slow wave, what is change in membrane potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is salivary secretion hypotonic to primary secretion of acinar cells |
|
Definition
| absorbs more solute than water |
|
|
Term
| what does cholera toxin do |
|
Definition
| increases cAMP activates a subunit of GTP binding protein |
|
|
Term
| which is digested before small intestines? Ca, alanine, fructose, sucrose, cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is correct sequence of events in lipid absorption? forming cholesterol ester, pancreatic lipase, emulsify in intestine lumen, micelles, chylomicron |
|
Definition
| emulsify lipids, pancreatic lipase, micelles, form cholesterol ester, chylomicrons |
|
|
Term
| if pancreatic flow increases, what increases in concentration in pancreatic juice? Na, K, HCO3, Cl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what reaction is catalyzed by trypsin? pepsinogen to pepsin, trypsinogen to trypsin, procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase |
|
Definition
trypsinogen to trypsin
procarbocypeptidase to carboxypeptidase |
|
|
Term
| where are most of the slow waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does gastrin secretion occur |
|
Definition
| G cells or gastric antrum |
|
|
Term
| where does Na bile sale co-transport occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are there H/K ATPases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is intrinsic factor secreted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does omeparazole work |
|
Definition
| gastric parietal cells H/K ATP ase |
|
|
Term
| where is the Na glucose co-transporter |
|
Definition
| apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| where are secondary bile acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process where stomach contracts to propell food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary area for absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tissue layer of primary digestive motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prevents food from entering trachea in swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer connective tissue layer of digestive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is absorbed in large intestines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which organs secrete mucus: salivary glands, colon, stomach, all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
intrinsic nerve plexuses are...
located in mucosal region, network of neurons for gut brain, made of two plexuses, two of above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer thickens in alimentary canal to make a sphinctor |
|
Definition
| circular layer of muscularis externa |
|
|
Term
| 3 pairs of extrinsic salivary glands |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
|
|
Term
| layer of digestive tract wall which has vessels, lymph, elastic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| areas of mechanical digestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is not true of saliva: cleanses mouth, has IgE, moistens food, dissolves food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is different in rectum and colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organs make fluid to soften food: salivary glands, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of GI with aerolar CT, blood, lymph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of GI with aerolar CT that binds mucosa and muscularis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prodominent lymph nodules in GI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary function of large intestines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mutation affecting trypsinogen molecule has been described. mutation effects the inactivating clevage of the site of the enzyme. patients who have this abnormaility suffer from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of which of the following hormones?
(A)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(B)Insulin
(C)Oxytoci
(D)Prolactin
(E)Thyroid hormone |
|
Definition
insulin
The actions of somatostatin are diverse. It is secreted by the hypothalamus to inhibit the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior lobe of the pituitary. It is secreted by D cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to inhibit the secretion of the GI hormones. It is also secreted by the delta cells of the endocrine pancreas and, via paracrine mechanisms, inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon by the beta cells and alpha cells, respectively. |
|
|
Term
2. Which of the following substances is released from neurons in the GI tract and produces smooth muscle relaxation?
a. Secretin
b. Gastrin
c. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
d. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
e. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) |
|
Definition
VIP
Narrow down to neurocines; Only VIP a is neurocine and you have the answer. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a gastrointestinal (GI) neurocrine that causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle. For example, VIP mediates the relaxation response of the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus of food approaches it, allowing passage of the bolus into the stomach. |
|
|
Term
3. Cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits
a. gastric emptying
b. pancreatic HCO3–secretion
c. pancreatic enzyme secretion
d. contraction of the gallbladder
e. relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi |
|
Definition
gastric emptying
Cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits gastric emptying and therefore helps to slow the delivery of food from the stomach to the intestine during periods of high digestive activity.
CCK stimulates both functions of the exocrine pancreas—HCO3–secretion and digestive enzyme secretion.
It also stimulates the delivery of bile from the gallbladder to the small intestinal lumen by causing contraction of the gallbladder while relaxing the sphincter of Oddi. |
|
|
Term
4. Which of the following is the site of secretion of gastrin?
a. Gastric antrum
b. Gastric fundus
c. Duodenum
d. Ileum
e. Colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. Which gastrointestinal secretion is inhibited when the pH of the stomach contents is 1.0?
a. Saliva
b. Gastric secretion
c. Pancreatic secretion
d. Bile |
|
Definition
gastric secretion
When the pH of the stomach contents is very low, secretion of gastrin by the G cells of the gastric antrum is inhibited. When gastrin secretion is inhibited, further gastric HCl secretion by the parietal cells is also inhibited.
Pancreatic secretion is stimulated by low pH of the duodenal contents. |
|
|
Term
6. Gastric acid secretion is most likely to be stimulated by:
a. GIP
b. acetylcholine
c. norepinephrine
d. somatostatin
e. secretin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. In a healthy human, the digestion of proteins is most likely to begin in the:
a. jejunum
b. duodenum
c. stomach
d. ileum
e. mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
8. The progressive wave of muscle contractions that proceeds along the esophagus, compressing the lumen and forcing food ahead of it is called:
a. mass movement
b. primary peristalsis
c. the migrating myoelectric complex
d. haustration
e. segmentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
9. Which of the following is NOT considered a fat-soluble vitamin?
a. vitamin B12
b. vitamin K
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin A
e. vitamin D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. The strength of gastric contractions can be reduced by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. VIP
b. GIP
c. norepinephrine
d. secretin
e. acetylcholine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
13. When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose?
a. Insulin
b. Secretin
c. Glucogen
d. Epinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
14. During exercise, the percentage of the cardiac output received by the digestive organs will ______________.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. the same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
11. The site of production of cholecystokinin and secretin is the:
a. Stomach
b. Pancreas
c. Small Intestine
d. Large Intestine
e. liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12. Which hormone is produced mainly in the stomach and regulates secretions of gastric juice?
a. gastrin
b. secretin
c. pepsin
d. somatostatin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
15. At the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, the epithelial lining changes abruptly from __________________ to _________________.
a. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous; simple columnar
b. Simple columnar; nonkeratinized stratified squamous
c. Nonkeratinized simple squamous; stratified columnar
d. Stratified columnar; nonkeratinized simple squamous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Histologically, the stomach wall is unique because it contains:
a. No lamina propria
b. 1 extra oblique layer in its muscularis mucosae
c. 1 extra oblique layer in its muscularis externa
d. An adventitia in addition to a double-membraned serosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Histologically, the stomach wall is unique because it contains:
a. No lamina propria
b. 1 extra oblique layer in its muscularis mucosae
c. 1 extra oblique layer in its muscularis externa
d. An adventitia in addition to a double-membraned serosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. The entry of bile into the duodenum is controlled by the:
a. Liver sinusoids
b. Common pancreatic duct
c. Pyloric sphincter
d. Cardiac sphincter
e. Sphincter of Oddi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
18. Increasing the surface area of its mucosal lining enhances the absoprtive effectiveness of the small intestine. Which of the following accomplishes this task?
a. Plicae circulares
b. Intestinal villi
c. Microvilli
d. All of the above
e. 2 of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. Which of the following gastric cell types synthesizes and releases gastin, cholecystokinin, secretin and GIP?
a. Enteroendocrine cells
b. Parietal cells
c. Zymogenic cells
d. Paneth cells
e. Mucous neck cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. Which of the following is not produced by an enteroendocrine cell?
a. Pepsin
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Gastrin
d. Secretin
e. GIP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. Which of the following cell types is NOT present in the stomach?
a. Mucous neck cells
b. Chief cells
c. Parietal cells
d. Epithelial cells
e. Alpha cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
22. Which of the following induces contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle?
a. Secretin
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Serotonin
d. Gastrin
e. Somatostatin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
23. Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?
a. Hydrochloric acid
b. Mucus
c. Pepsin
d. Amylase
e. Water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
24. Chemical digestion reduces large molecules to simpler compounds by the process of:
a. Mastication
b. Dehydration synthesis
c. Metabolism
d. Anabolism
e. Catabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
25. Chief cells in children secrete an enzyme that curdles milk. That enzyme is:
a. Chymotrypsin
b. Pepsinogen
c. Pepsin
d. Lactin
e. Rennin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
26. This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage.
a. Cardia
b. Fundus
c. Pylorus
d. Rugae
e. Sphincter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
27. How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?
a. 10 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 45 minutes
e. 1 hour |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
28. This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine.
a. Pepsin
b. Secretin
c. Gastrin
d. Cholecystokinin
e. Amylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. The majority of the absorption of digested nutrients occurs in the:
a. Stomach
b. Ileum
c. Jejunum
d. Cecum
e. Colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea because it
a. increases HCO3–secretory channels in intestinal epithelial cells
b. increases Cl–secretory channels in crypt cells
c. prevents the absorption of glucose and causes water to be retained in the intestinal lumen isosmotically
d. inhibits cyclic adenosine monophos-phate (cAMP) production in intestinalepithelial cells
e. inhibits inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)production in intestinal epithelial cell |
|
Definition
B
Cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase and increases cyclicadenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the intestinal crypt cells. In the crypt cells, cAMPactivates the Cl–-secretory channels and produces a primary secretion of Cl–, with Na+and H2O following. |
|
|
Term
3. Which of the following abolishes “receptive relaxation” of the stomach?
a. Parasympathetic stimulation
b. Sympathetic stimulation
c. Vagotomy
d. Administration of gastrin
e. Administration of vasoactive intestinalpeptide (VIP)
f. Administration of cholecystokinin(CCK) |
|
Definition
C
“Receptive relaxation” of the orad region of the stomach is initiated when food enters the stomach from the esophagus. This parasympathetic (vagovagal) reflex is abolished by vagotomy. |
|
|
Term
4. Slow waves in small intestinal smooth muscle cells are
a. action potentials
b. phasic contractions
c. tonic contractions
d. oscillating resting membrane potentials
e. oscillating release of cholecystokinin(CCK) |
|
Definition
D
Slow waves are oscillating resting membrane potentials of the gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. The slow waves bring the membrane potential toward or to threshold, but are not themselves action potentials. If the membrane potential is brought to threshold by a slow wave, then action potentials occur, followed by contraction. |
|
|
Term
5. Which of the following would not be seen in a section of the soft palate?
a. A stratified epithelium
b. Blood vessels
c. Bone
d. Muscle
e. 2 of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6. Peristaltic waves are:
a. Segmental regions of the GI tract
b. Churning movements of the GI tract
c. Pendular movements of the GI tract
d. Waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
e. Circular contractions of the GI tract muscularis mucosae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. Digestive processes in the large intestine include:
a. Mass peristalsis
b. Absorption of some vitamins and electrolytes
c. Elimination of cellulose-based material
d. All of the above
e. 2 of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Saliva contains the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme:
A. pepsin
B. carboxypeptidase
C. amylase
D. trypsin
E. lipase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
9. The migrating myoelectric complex is most likely to:
a. sweep undigested material into the colon
b. slow down gastric emptying of solid foods
c. produce vomiting
d. enhance mixing of food within the stomach
e. interfere with swallowing of liquids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. Which of the following contains skeletal muscle?
a. Upper oesophageal sphincter
b. Lower oesophageal sphincter
c. Serosa
d. Submucosa
e. Periodontal ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
11. How many phases of deglutition are there?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12. This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins.
a. Bicarbonate ion
b. Mucus
c. Bile
d. Hydrochloric acid
e. Sulphuric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
13. This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon.
a. Ileocecal sphincter
b. Pyloric sphincter
c. Appendix
d. Sigmoid colon
e. Anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
14. Each of the following is a segment of the large intestine EXCEPT the
a. ascending colon
b. cecum
c. ileum
d. sigmoid colon
e. transverse colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
14. Each of the following is a segment of the large intestine EXCEPT the
a. ascending colon
b. cecum
c. ileum
d. sigmoid colon
e. transverse colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
15. Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?
a. Crohn's disease
b. Esophageal varices
c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
d. Pyloric stenosis
e. Stomatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon
a. Starches
b. proteins
c. fats
d. minerals
e. vitamins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. Gastric emptying is primarily controlled by...
a. the neuronal signals emanating from the medullary swallowing center
b. the volume of chyme in the stomach
c. Conditions and/or factors in the duodenum
d. the degree of fluidity of the chyme in the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
18. Which of these vitamins is formed by bacteria in the colon?
a. C
b. D
c. B6
d. K
e. E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur?
a. small intestine
b. stomach
c. large intetine
d. liver
e. pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
a. to complete the absorption of most nutrients
b. to house gas-producing bacteria
c. to rid the body of toxins
d. to compact, store, and eliminate feces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. What initiates the swallowing reflex?
a. fear of choking on food
b. the tongue rolling the bolus to the pharynx
c. sensory receptors detecting the bolus in the pharynx
d. secretion of saliva at the thought of food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
22. During swallowing...
a. all processes are consciously controlled
b. the swallowing center located in the medulla oblongata inhibits the medullary respiratory center
c. the vocal folds are relaxed
d. the food bolus is forced down the esophagus by gravity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
23. Peristaltic antral contractions...
a. occur at the rate of 3-5 per minute
b. are responsible for gastric emptying
c. are responsible for mixing food and gastric enzymes within the antrum
d. all of these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
24. Stomach acid is neutralized...
a. in the duodenum
b. by secretions secreted by antrum
c. in the duodenum with trypsin
d. with trypsin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
60. The ileocecal sphincter...
a. prevents acid from entering the esophagus
b. prevents bacterial growth in the stomach
c. prevents bacterial infection of small intestine
d. inhibits gastric emptying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins?
a. Trypsin
b. Elastase
c. Lipase
d. Pepsin (with HCl)
e. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor?
a. Gastric antrum
b. Gastric body (parietal cells)
c. Duodenum
d. Ileum
e. Colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. A patient with a duodenal ulcer is treated successfully with the drug cimetidine. The basis for cimetidine’s inhibition of gastric H+ secretion is that it
a. blocks muscarinic receptors on parietal cells
b. blocks H2 receptors on parietal cells
c. increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels
d. blocks H+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)
e. enhances the action of acetylcholine(ACh) on parietal cells |
|
Definition
b
Cimetidine is a reversible inhibitor of H2 receptors on parietal cells and blocks H+ secretion. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels would be expected to decrease, not increase. Cimetidine also blocks the action of acetylcholine (ACh) to stimulate H+ secretion. Omeprazole blocks H+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) directly. |
|
|
Term
4. Which gastrointestinal secretion is hypotonic, has a high [HCO3−], and has its production inhibited by vagotomy?
a. Saliva
b. Gastric secretion
c. Pancreatic secretion
d. Bile |
|
Definition
saliva
Ductal cells are relatively impermeable to water and they reabsorb more solute (Na+ and Cl−) than they secrete (K+ and HCO3−); thus the saliva is hypotonic.
Vagal stimulation increases saliva production, so vagotomy (or atropine) inhibits saliva production and produces dry mouth. |
|
|
Term
5. Which gastrointestinal secretion has a component that is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12?
a. Saliva
b. Gastric secretion
c. Pancreatic secretion
d. Bile |
|
Definition
b
Gastric parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, which is required for the intestinal (ileum) absorption of vitamin B12. |
|
|
Term
6. In a healthy human, the digestion of proteins is most likely to begin in the:
a. jejunum
b. duodenum
c. stomach (pepsin and HCl)
d. ileum
e. mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. Which of the following would be expected to increase after surgical removal of the duodenum?
a. Gastric emptying
b. Secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK)
c. Secretion of secretin
d. Contraction of the gallbladder
e. Absorption of lipids |
|
Definition
a
Removal of the duodenum would remove the source of the GI hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin. Because CCK stimulates contraction of the gallbladder (and, therefore, ejection of bile acids into the intestine), lipid absorption would be impaired. CCK also inhibits gastric emptying, so removing the duodenum should accelerate gastric emptying (or decrease gastric emptying time). |
|
|
Term
8. Patients with which of the following diseases are treated with injections of vitamin B-12?
a. Bell's palsy
b. Crohn's disease
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Graves' disease
e. Pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
9. HCl secretion by the stomach…
a. is triggered by chewing
b. denatures proteins
c. activates enzymes that digest proteins
d. all of these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. The major chemical digestive activity that takes place in the stomach is…
a. breakdown of starch
b. breakdown of proteins
c. digestion of fats
d. neutralization of acid by buffers & mucous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
11. The hormone that inhibit gastric secretion and motility is...
a. Gastrin
b. Histamine
c. Secretin
d. Cholecystokinin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12. Diminished salivary secretion that leads to difficulty in chewing and swallowing is due to a condition called…
a. malocclusion
b. temporomandibular joint dysfunction
c. dental caries
d. xerostomia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
13. Alkaline mucous glands are found in the submucosa of the:
a. Ileum
b. Jejunum
c. Duodenum
d. Cardiac region of the stomach
e. a and b |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
14. The majority of the absorption of digested nutrients occurs in the:
a. Stomach
b. Ileum
c. Jejunum
d. Cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
15. High doses of antibiotics can destroy the bacterial flora of the large intestine. This can result in impaired:
a. Absorption of protein
b. Blood coagulation (due to vitamin K)
c. Bone reasorption
d. Respiratory control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?
a. Hydrochloric acid
b. Mucus
c. Pepsin
d. Amylase
e. Water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. Digestive processes in the large intestine include:
a. Mass peristalsis
b. Absorption of some vitamins and electrolytes
c. Elimination of cellulose-based material
d. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
18. Most of the water you drink is absorbed in the:
a. Colon
b. Jejunum
c. Stomach
d. Kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. The alimentary tube is around ____ meters long?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 9 (small intestine ~5 meter long)
e. 12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. The process of chewing and swallowing are referred to as ____b____ and __d___ respectively.
a. churning
b. mastication
c. peristalsis
d. deglutition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. A hiatal hernia is a weakness in the _____ muscle, which allows a portion of the digestive tract to enter the thoracic cavity.
a. diaphram
b. stomach
c. intestinal
d. thoracic wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
22. Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches _____.
a. 7.0
b. 6.0
c. 4.5
d. 3.0
e. 1.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
23. Which salivary glands produce the saliva mainly with aqueous fluid?
a. sublingual glands
b. submandibular glands
c. parotid glands
d. serous cells |
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Definition
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Term
24. Intrinsic factor is secreted by which cells of the gastric glands?
a. mucous cells
b. chief cells
c. peptic cells
d. parietal cells |
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Definition
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Term
25. During which stage of gastric secretion do gastric glands actually begin secreting gastric juice?
a. cephalic phase
b. gastric phase
c. intestinal phase
d. enterogastric reflex |
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Definition
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Term
26. Where are the lacteals located?
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. small intestine
d. large intestine |
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Definition
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Term
27. An important risk factor for peptic ulcer hemorrhage includes:
A. Gastric acid hypersecretion
B. Corticosteroid use
C. Cigarette smoking
D. Non-sterioidal anti-inflammatory drug use
E. Ethanol consumption |
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Definition
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Term
28. The most frequent cause of UGI (upper gastrointestinal) bleeding is:
A. Esophageal varices
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Angiomata
D. Mallory Weiss tear
E. Gastritis |
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Definition
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