Term
Which of the following is NOT a transportation function of the circulatory system?
A. carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. carrying metabolic waste
C. carrying leukocytes
D. carrying absorbed products of digestion |
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Definition
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Term
The circulatory system provides regulation through
A. clotting.
B. hormones.
C. immunity.
D. blood gases. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true of venous blood?
A. moves toward the heart
B. always has lower oxygen content
C. is a dark red color
D. All of the choices are true. |
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Definition
| B. always has lower oxygen content |
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Term
How much blood does the average-sized adult have?
A. 2 liters
B. 4 liters
C. 5 liters
D. 7 liters |
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Definition
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Term
A normal hematocrit for women would be
A. 30%.
B. 40%.
C. 48%.
D. 52%. |
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Definition
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Term
The major plasma protein is
A. alpha globulin.
B. beta globulin.
C. fibrinogen.
D. albumin. |
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Definition
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Term
Decreased liver protein synthesis would cause the amount of ______________ and ______________ in the blood to be decreased.
A. thromboplastin, RBCs
B. RBCs, WBCs
C. albumin, fibrinogen
D. platelets, albumin |
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Definition
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Term
. Blood globulins include which of the following types?
A. alpha globulins
B. beta globulins
C. gamma globulins
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Term
A normal red blood cell count is in the range of __________ /mm3.
A. 4.23-5.98 million
B. 4,300-10,800
C. 120-220
D. 130-400 thousand |
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Definition
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Term
. Inhibiting gastric function would stimulate
A. iron-deficiency anemia.
B. pernicious anemia.
C. aplastic anemia.
D. leukemia. |
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Definition
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Term
. What is the main component of an erythrocyte?
A. transferring
B. albumin
C. globulin
D. hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
. Polycythemia would be induced by
A. decreased oxygen in the blood.
B. increased oxygen in the blood.
C. decreased carbon dioxide in the blood.
D. increased infection in the blood. |
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Definition
| A. decreased oxygen in the blood. |
|
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Term
The most common type of anemia is
A. polycythemia.
B. pernicious anemia.
C. iron-deficiency anemia.
D. aplastic anemia. |
|
Definition
| C. iron-deficiency anemia. |
|
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Term
The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the
A. eosinophils.
B. basophils.
C. neutrophils.
D. monocytes.
D. monocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a granular leukocyte?
A. neutrophil
B. eosinophil
C. monocyte
D. basophil |
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Definition
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Term
. What type of agranular cell found in the blood produces antibodies?
A. monocyte
B. plasma cell
C. basophil
D. neutrophil |
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Definition
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Term
________ development would be inhibited if the actions of granulocyte colony stimulating factor were blocked.
A. Thrombocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. Erythrocytes
D. Lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Granular leukocytes are derived from
A. erythroblasts.
B. lymphoblasts.
C. monoblasts.
D. myeloblasts. |
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Definition
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Term
. What hormone stimulates the process of erythropoiesis?
A. multipotent growth factor-1
B. interleukin-1
C. erythropoietin
D. GM-CSF |
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Definition
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Term
. When the wrong blood type is given to a patient, the antibodies in the patient's blood react with the antigens on the surface of the transfused blood causing a reaction called
A. neutralization.
B. precipitation.
C. agglutination.
D. coagulation. |
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Definition
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Term
. John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?
A. B only
B. AB only
C. O only
D. B or O |
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Definition
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Term
. Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when
A. the mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O.
B. the mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh- blood.
C. the mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood.
D. the mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O |
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Definition
| C. the mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood. |
|
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Term
Mary has type AB blood. Which type of antibodies are present in her plasma?
A. anti-A
B. anti-B
C. anti-A and anti-B
D. Neither anti-A nor anti-B |
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Definition
| D. Neither anti-A nor anti-B |
|
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Term
. The prostaglandin, thromboxane A2, stimulates
A. vasodilation.
B. platelet aggregation.
C. platelet repelling.
D. vasoconstriction. |
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Definition
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Term
Prostacyclin, PGI2, prevents
A. vasodilation.
B. platelet aggregation.
C. vasoconstriction.
D. clot retraction. |
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Definition
|
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Term
. Which of the following does NOT inhibit platelet aggregation?
A. nitric oxide
B. prostacyclin
C. von Willebrand's factor
D. CD39 |
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Definition
| C. von Willebrand's factor |
|
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Term
Which of the following stimulates the formation of the platelet plug?
A. von Willebrand's factor
B. ADP
C. thromboxane A2
D. All of the choices aid in platelet plug formation. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices aid in platelet plug formation. |
|
|
Term
What ion is necessary for the clotting process?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. Mg2+ |
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Definition
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|
Term
Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by directly preventing
A. thrombin formation.
B. platelet plug formation.
C. fibrin formation.
D. clot retraction. |
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Definition
| B. platelet plug formation. |
|
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Term
The final protein that forms a blood clot is
A. fibrin.
B. thrombin.
C. thromboplastin.
D. plasmin. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What is the enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin?
A. prothrombin
B. thrombin
C. thromboplastin
D. plasmin |
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Definition
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|
Term
. Endogenously applied ______________ or tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) can induce blood clot dissolution.
A. albumin
B. streptokinase
C. thromboxane A2
D. penicillin |
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Definition
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Term
Vitamin K is needed for
A. proper clotting factor function.
B. directly activating fibrinogen.
C. directly stabilizing the fibrin polymer.
D. activating antithrombin III. |
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Definition
| A. proper clotting factor function. |
|
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Term
. Which anticoagulant and its action is NOT correctly matched?
A. aspirin - inhibits prostaglandin production and platelet aggregation
B. heparin - inhibits action of thrombin
C. coumadin - inhibits tissue thromboplastin
D. citrate - combines with calcium to prevent its function with clotting factors |
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Definition
| C. coumadin - inhibits tissue thromboplastin |
|
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Term
. The pathway of blood form the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is the
A. cardiac circulation.
B. systemic circulation.
C. pulmonary circulation.
D. pleural circulation. |
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Definition
| C. pulmonary circulation. |
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Term
. What valve keeps blood from flowing back into the right atrium from the right ventricle?
A. tricuspid valve
B. bicuspid valve
C. mitral valve
D. pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
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Term
. What structures keep the AV valves from everting under high ventricular pressure?
A. annuli fibrosis
B. interventricular and interatrial septa
C. papillary muscles and chordae tendineae.
D. semilunar valves |
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Definition
| C. papillary muscles and chordae tendineae. |
|
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Term
The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles per beat is termed the
A. cardiac output.
B. end diastolic volume.
C. blood pressure.
D. stroke volume. |
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Definition
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Term
During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
A. left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure.
B. atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure.
C. ventricular pressure is increasing.
D. the atrioventricular valves are open. |
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Definition
| B. atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure. |
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Term
Heart murmurs may be caused by ________, a condition in which valves are thickened and calcified.
A. stenosis
B. fibrillation
C. regurgitation
D. septal defect |
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Definition
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Term
. In the fetus, blood can flow from the right atrium to the left atrium through the
A. tricuspid valve.
B. ductus arteriosus.
C. foramen ovale.
D. ductus venosus. |
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Definition
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|
Term
. Cardiac ________ channels are called hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide (HCN) channels because they open in response to hyperpolarization.
A. atrial
B. Purkinje
C. pacemaker
D. ventricular |
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Definition
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Term
The action potential of cardiac pacemaker cells is caused by
A. inward diffusion of Na+.
B. inward diffusion of Ca2+.
C. inward diffusion of K+.
D. outward diffusion of K+. |
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Definition
| B. inward diffusion of Ca2+ |
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Term
. The action potential of nonpacemaker cells is due to the
A. inward diffusion of Na+.
B. inward diffusion of Ca2+.
C. inward diffusion of K+.
D. outward diffusion of K+. |
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Definition
| A. inward diffusion of Na+. |
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Term
. The _________________ conducts impulses from the AV node to branches which lead to the Purkinje fibers.
A. AV valve
B. ventricular septum
C. AV bundle
D. SA node |
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Definition
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Term
46. ____________ binds and inactivates the sodium-potassium ATPase pumps of myocardial cell leading to increased intracellular calcium concentrations and stronger myocardial contractions.
A. Epinephrine
B. Digitalis
C. Nicotine
D. Caffeine |
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Definition
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Term
The ______________ are the last part of the electrical conducting system of the heart.
A. SA node
B. AV bundle
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers |
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Definition
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Term
. When Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart are opened by an increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, this is referred to as
A. calcium-induced fibrillation.
B. calcium-induced depolarization.
C. calcium-induced stimulated calcium release.
D. calcium-induced repolarization. |
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Definition
| C. calcium-induced stimulated calcium release. |
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Term
. The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n)
A. EMG.
B. depolarization.
C. heart scan.
D. ECG. |
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Definition
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Term
. The P wave of an ECG represents
A. atrial repolarization.
B. atrial depolarization.
C. ventricular repolarization.
D. ventricular depolarization. |
|
Definition
| B. atrial depolarization. |
|
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Term
. Ventricular depolarization
A. occurs prior to atrial depolarization.
B. appears as the T wave on an ECG.
C. appears as the P wave on an ECG.
D. occurs after atrial depolarization. |
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Definition
| D. occurs after atrial depolarization. |
|
|
Term
Bipolar limb lead three uses the
A. left and right arms.
B. left arm and left leg.
C. right arm and left leg.
D. left arm and right leg. |
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Definition
| B. left arm and left leg. |
|
|
Term
The S-T segment of an ECG represents
A. atrial depolarization.
B. passage of the electrical impulse to the atrioventricular node.
C. ventricular depolarization.
D. the plateau phase of the myocardial action potential |
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Definition
| D. the plateau phase of the myocardial action potential |
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|
Term
. Failure of the SA node to depolarize would result in an ECG
A. lacking a T wave.
B. lacking a QRS complex.
C. lacking a P wave.
D. that is isoelectric. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
All blood vessels are lined with
A. the tunica externa.
B. smooth muscle.
C. endothelial cells.
D. elastin. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
. Fenestrated capillaries are found in the
A. liver and bone marrow.
B. skeletal muscles.
C. adipose tissue.
D. endocrine glands. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
. These capillaries have wide intercellular pores that serve as a basement membrane over the capillary endothelium for increased filtration.
A. true
B. continuous
C. fenestrated
D. discontinuous |
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Definition
|
|
Term
. Within the blood vessels, valves are found in the
A. arteries.
B. capillaries.
C. arterioles.
D. veins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
59. Based on differences in their endothelial lining, capillaries can be classified as all of the following EXCEPT
A. continuous.
B. true.
C. discontinuous.
D. fenestrated |
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Definition
|
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Term
. Which of the following is NOT true concerning blood vessels?
A. Arteries contain more muscle than veins.
B. Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries.
C. Valves are found in veins but not arteries.
D. Discontinuous capillaries create sinusoids |
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Definition
| B. Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries. |
|
|
Term
Varicose veins can be caused by
A. compression of abdominal veins by a fetus during pregnancy.
B. stretched venous valves.
C. excessive venous congestion.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
|
Term
The first anatomical change associated with atherosclerosis is the appearance of
A. monocytes.
B. blood clots.
C. fatty streaks.
D. fibroblasts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diets promoting cardiovascular health contain no more than ______________ of total calories as fat.
A. 30%
B. 0%
C. 50%
D. 20% |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Ischemic heart disease causes ______________ on the ECG.
A. no P wave
B. no QRS complex
C. S-T depression
D. inverted P waves |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The structure of a __________ includes a core of nonpolar triglycerides and cholesterol esters coated by proteins, phospholipids, and some free cholesterol.
A. lipoprotein
B. glycoprotein
C. nucleic acid
D. prostaglandin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
. Which of the following is true of atherosclerosis?
A. It is most likely an inflammatory disease.
B. Blood C-reactive protein levels are better predictors than LDL cholesterol levels.
C. Antioxidants may be used to prevent or treat it.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
|
Term
Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins causes
A. fatty streak appearance.
B. increased hepatic uptake of fats.
C. monocyte conversion.
D. increased LDL receptor synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The possibility of an individual developing ischemic heart disease
A. is decreased by increasing exercise.
B. is increased by stopping smoking.
C. is decreased by diets containing 50% fat.
D. is increased by diets low in saturated fat. |
|
Definition
| A. is decreased by increasing exercise. |
|
|
Term
. _________ AV node block occurs when no atrial waves can pass through the AV node.
A. First-degree
B. Second-degree
C. Third-degree
D. Fourth-degree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. _________ AV node block occurs when the rate of impulse conduction through the AV node exceeds 0.20 second.
A. First-degree
B. Second-degree
C. Third-degree
D. Fourth-degree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. A(n) ________________ is a device that is implanted into a pectoral subcutaneous pocket that delivers shocks to the heart when ventricular fibrillation is detected.
A. implantable converter-defibrillator
B. ischemic defibrillator
C. atrial defibrillator
D. myocardial defibrillator |
|
Definition
| A. implantable converter-defibrillator |
|
|
Term
. 0.12 to 0.20 second is the duration of the _________ in a normal heart.
A. diastole
B. QRS wave
C. Q-T interval
D. P-R interval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Functions of the lymphatic system include all of the following EXCEPT
A. transport of interstitial fluid.
B. transport of absorbed fat.
C. providing immunological defense.
D. transport of absorbed peptides |
|
Definition
| D. transport of absorbed peptides |
|
|
Term
. Which of the following is a difference between veins and lymphatic vessels?
A. three layers of cells
B. valves
C. lymph nodes
D. peristaltic waves of contraction |
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Definition
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