Term
| Energy gives us the ability to do work. Name three kinds of work that cells actually do? |
|
Definition
| they actively transport materials, grow and repair themselves, and reproduce offspring |
|
|
Term
| What is the source of energy for "all" living organisms? |
|
Definition
| food or organic molecules |
|
|
Term
| What term refers to a specific group of organism and means "self-feeding" ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for autotrophs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By which process do autotrophs convert the energy of sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into food? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three groups of organisms are known as photosynthetic organisms? |
|
Definition
| green plants, algae, and certain kinds of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What group of ancient organisms is thought to be the first to separate hydrogen from oxygen during phtosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many scientists think that a change in the ancient seas caused the arrival of the photosynthesis process. What triggered this "change"? |
|
Definition
| a growing population of heterothophs and a lack of available food to consume |
|
|
Term
| Endosymbiosis is the process in which one cell is absorbed and now lives within another larger cell. Based on differences in DNA, which two cell organelles might have once been free-living organisms? |
|
Definition
| chloroplats and mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| The food made by autotrophs are primarily stored as what group of organic compounds? |
|
Definition
| carbohydrates - including glucose sugar |
|
|
Term
| Which three groups of organisms are commonly classified as autotrophs? |
|
Definition
| cyanobacteria, algae, and green plants |
|
|
Term
| Why are autotrophs considered so important to earth's overall health? |
|
Definition
| without autotrophs, all other life forms would starve to death over time |
|
|
Term
| What other group of organisms depends upon the organic substances manufactured by autotrophs for their own nutritional needs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for heterotrophs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions occuring within a cell. Metabolic pathways are also called by what other name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the green pigment that traps sunlight in plants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autotrophs use the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis to produce organic compounds from which two reactants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the excess of oxygen gas produced from the decomposition of water during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| the oxygen gas is released into the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| During photosynthesis, what happens to the sun's radiant "energy"? |
|
Definition
| the radiant energy becomes the electrical force or energy that links the atoms of the organic compound together |
|
|
Term
| Name the cell organelle responsible for the photosynthesis process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once carbohydrates are produced and stored as plant tissue, the energy within these organic compounds can later be released in which cell organelle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis is responsubke for the production and storage of carbohydrates in plant tissue. Later this energy can be released in the mitochondria by what other set of biochemical pathways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During cellular respiration, energy is released from organic compounds as they are broken down into which two waste products? |
|
Definition
| water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules |
|
|
Term
| Which organimsms perform cellular respiration as a means of gaining energy from the breakdown of orgainc molecules? |
|
Definition
| "all" living organisms depend on cellular respiration to gain energy to live |
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis involves a complex series of chemical reactions in which its "end products" become the beginning reactants for what other important process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water and carbon dioxide are the waste products of cellular respiration and will later become the beginning reactants used in what important process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chemical compounds are produced by the photosynthesis process? |
|
Definition
| carbohydrates and oxygen gas |
|
|
Term
| The light reaction portion of photosynthesis begins with the absorption of radiant light energy into what cell organelle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chloroplast is a double-membrane structure. The inner membrane is folded into many layers and fused along the edges to form a series of compartments or sacs. What is the advantage to having a highly folderd surface? |
|
Definition
| Folded surfaces allow for a greater amount of space for chemical reactions to occur on |
|
|
Term
| Within each chloroplast are flattened sacs or vesicles lined with a pigmented membrane that is the site of phtoosynthesis. Name this sac. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The word "thylakoid" means "sac". These sacs are the sites of what part of the phtosynthesis process? |
|
Definition
| the light-dependent reactions or light reactions |
|
|
Term
| Thge neatly folded thylakoids resemble stacks of pancakes. What name do we give each of these stacks of thylakoids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each chloroplast contains hundreds of grana stacks and all these grana are surrounded by a dense gel-like solution call what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the initial half of photosynthesis called? |
|
Definition
| the "light-dependent reactions" or "light reactions" |
|
|
Term
| What is the final half of photosynthesis called? |
|
Definition
| the "light-independent reactions" or the "dark reactions" |
|
|
Term
| What specifically is the purpose for carrying out the beginning part of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| to generate the energy rich ATP and NADPH carrier moleules that will be needed during the later portion of photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Besides the oxygen gas that is released to the atmosphere, what are the products of the light-dependent portion of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| the energy-rich carrier molecules ATP and NADPH |
|
|
Term
| What name is given to the two dimensional centers of light-absorbing chlorophyll pigments located in photosynthetic organims? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecule is broken apart during the energy-fixing or light reactions part of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the first part of photosynthesis, what three things do water molecules break down into? |
|
Definition
| hydrogen ions, free electrons, and atoms of oxygen gas |
|
|
Term
| What particles are moved from place to place along the two transfer energy chains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To charge up energy carrier molecules, what ion is actively pumped into and passively flows out of the thylakoid space? |
|
Definition
|
|
