Term
Structure and function begining of chapter.
The hematologic systems consists of the components of what? |
|
Definition
| Blood and the bone marrow, the primary organ that manufactures blood cells |
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|
Term
| The lymphatic system consists of what? |
|
Definition
| Lymphatic vessels and tissues |
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|
Term
| What other organs and structures are related to the hematologic and lymphatic systems? |
|
Definition
Spleen, liver, and kidneys
These perform specific functions related to these systems. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 general functions of the hematologic system? |
|
Definition
Transportation
regulation
&
Protection
These functions involve removal of hematologic waste products, delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells, blood volume regulation, blood cell and antibody production, and blood coagulation |
|
|
Term
| The lymphatic system transports dietary fats to the blood, drains 1.___________, help protect the body from 2._________, and provides 3._________. |
|
Definition
1. Interstitial fluid
2.infection
3 immunity
Lymphatic system also returns an excess proteins that may escape from the blood vessels to the systemic circulation. |
|
|
Term
Key Concept pg 235
The hematologic and lymphatic systems have 1.__________ and 2.________ functions in the body.
Also, blood functions in 3.__________ processes in the body and lymph functions in the manufacture of 4.__________ elements and the absorption and storage of substances in the body. |
|
Definition
1.Transportation
2. Protection
3.Regulatory processes
4.Formed |
|
|
Term
Blood
Blood is a versatile vascular fluid that is 1.________, 2._________ and more viscous than water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Liquid, it has a unique quality that contributes to its ability to form solid clots. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary objective of blood? |
|
Definition
Blood maintains this by homeostasis, a constant environment for the rest of the body's tissue.
It maintains this via its viscosity (THICKNESS), its ability to carry dissolved substances, and its ability to move all body parts. |
|
|
Term
Blood is responsible for the transportation of:
1._________, 2._________, 3.________, 4._________, 5.__________, and 6._____________ to and from the cells |
|
Definition
1.oxygen
2.carbon dioxide
3.nutirents
4.heat
5.waste products
6.hormones
Blood also helps regulate pH, body temperature, and cellular water content. It contributes to protection from blood loss and foreign body invasion. |
|
|
Term
| Blood is considered a ___________ tissue |
|
Definition
Connective Tissue
It differs from other connective tissues, however, in that its cells are not fixed, but move freely in liquid portion of the blood know as plasma. |
|
|
Term
| hematopoiesis (HEMOPOIESIS) refers to the 1._______ and 2._______ of blood cells. |
|
Definition
1.Production
2. Maturation |
|
|
Term
Red bone marrow manufactures all blood cells, or "formed elements," in blood.
Other tissues, such as tissues of the 1._________, 2._______, and 3._______, contribute to additional production and maturation of 4._______ white blood cells. |
|
Definition
1.lymph nodes
2.spleen
3.thymus
4.Agrangular |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Formation of red blood cells (Erythrocytes) |
|
|
Term
| This hormone stimulates the stem cells of bone marrow to produce the red blood cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
KEY CONCEPT PG 236
A form of erythropoietin derived in DNA technology may be used to treat the type of anemia caused by insufficient or ineffective RBCs. This is called? |
|
Definition
| recombinant human erythropoietin or epoetin alfa |
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|
Term
| Blood is composed of both 1.________ and 2.________ elements. It is carried through a closed system of vessels pumped by the heart |
|
Definition
1.Plasma
2.Formed elements |
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|
Term
| The volume of circulating blood differs with individual body size; however, the average adult body contains approximately 1______ to 2._______ L. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood plasma is the fluid portion of circulating blood. It constitutes ____% of blood volume. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasma is 1._____% water. Its remaining 2._____% consists primarily of plasma proteins, but it also includes salts (ELECTROLYTES), nutrients, nitrogenous waste products, gases, hormones, and enzymes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The salts contained in the plasma are? |
|
Definition
1.Sodium (Na+)
2.Calcium (Ca+)
3.Potassium (K+)
4.Magnesium (Mg++) |
|
|
Term
Plasma proteins
What are the four groups of plasma proteins that are manufactured in the liver? |
|
Definition
1.Albumin
2.Fibrinogen
3.Prothrombin
4.Globulin |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest group of plasma proteins accounting for 60% to 80%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the important function of albumin? |
|
Definition
Provides thickness to the circulating blood volume, thus providing osmotic pressure.
Osmitic pressure draws water from surrounding tissue fluid into capillaries.Therefore, osmotic pressure maintains fluid volume and blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| What can the loss of albumin result in? |
|
Definition
| dramatic fluid shifts, edema, hypotension, and even death. |
|
|
Term
| These two plasma proteins are essential for blood clotting. |
|
Definition
1.Fibrinogen
2. Prothrombin |
|
|
Term
| Globulin is the fourth type of plasma protein. Two types of globulin are made in the liver and act as carriers for molecules, such as fats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are gamma globulins (Ig)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
KEY CONCEPT PG 236
Albumin, is the 1.________ group of plasma proteins, helps maintain 2.________ and 3.________.
The three other circulatory plasma proteins are fibrinogen,4.________, and globulin. |
|
Definition
1.Largest group
2.Blood Pressure
3. Circulating fluid volume
4. Prothrombin |
|
|
Term
Formed elements
1.______% of blood volume consists of formed elements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do formed elements consist of? |
|
Definition
Red Blood cells (RBCs / Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (WBCs / Leukocytes)
&
Platelets
|
|
|
Term
The liver and the spleen destroy old, used RBCs.
The life of an individual RBC is about ______ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin is composed of 1.____ containing pigment heme and a 2.______, globin. |
|
Definition
1.Iron
2.Protein
Iron is the pigment that makes RBC's appear red. |
|
|
Term
| both are essential for blood clotting. |
|
Definition
| Fibrinogen and prothrombin |
|
|
Term
| the formation of red blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the production and maturation of blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transportation, regulation, and protection |
|
Definition
| The hematologic system has three general functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid portion of the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production and maturation of blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the formation of red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| A glycoprotein-type hormone, erythropoietin is secreted by the ____ in the adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood plasma constitutes ___ of blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| draws water from surrounding tissue fluid into capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of albumin can result in ___ |
|
Definition
| dramatic fluid shifts, edema, hypotension, and even death |
|
|
Term
| Fibrinogen and prothrombin |
|
Definition
| both are essential for blood clotting. |
|
|
Term
| globulin (alpha and beta) |
|
Definition
| Two types of _____ are made in the liver and act as carriers for molecules, such as fats |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Average life span of an RBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indication of a bright red RBC |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive release of immature cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Part responsible for clotting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, NEUTROPHILS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maturation and reproduction of RBCs |
|
|
Term
| What mineral is important for hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the end result of coagulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the universal recipient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cluster of tissues in the vascular system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• FILTERS TISSUE FLUID (BLOOD),
• DESTROYS OLD RBCS,
• FORMS BILIRUBIN
• EMERGENCY BLOOD RESERVOIR |
|
|
Term
| Clot in Circle of Willis results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leukocytes in older patients impacts them how? |
|
Definition
| PRODUCTION DECREASES, REDUCING RESPONSE TO INFECTION |
|
|
Term
| In an infection site, what do you look at in WBCs? |
|
Definition
| INCREASED BANDS (IMMATURE NEUTROPHILS). |
|
|
Term
| What happens in an allergic response? |
|
Definition
| DROP IN BP, HISTAMINE EFFECTS (EDEMA), SKIN CHANGES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A result of Platelet shortage |
|
Definition
| BLEEDING DISORDERS; INABILITY TO CLOT |
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|
Term
| Determining factor that classifies blood into its groups |
|
Definition
| ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES FOUND ON RBC MEMBRANES; GENETIC |
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|
Term
| Where is red bone marrow found, and what does it produce |
|
Definition
| SPONGY BONE; RED CELLS, PLATELETS, AND MOST WHITE CELLS. |
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|
Term
| Hemoglobin is measured by what unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABO blood types are named for |
|
Definition
| THE ANTIGENS FOUND ON RBC SURFACES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES, LYMPHOCYTES |
|
|
Term
| Which WBC carries heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC detoxifies foreign bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC becomes a macrophage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC recognizes foreign antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC releases histamine during an inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC is important in allergies and parasitics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percentage of WBCs that are Basophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percentage of WBCs that are monocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percentage of WBCs that are Neutrophils |
|
Definition
57-67:
3-5% bands, 54-62% segmented |
|
|
Term
| Percentage of WBCs that are Lymphocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percentage of WBCs that are eosinophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is necessary for prothrombin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hematocrit (Hct) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White Blood Count (WBC)
(Leukocytes) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lymphocytes
(B-cell, T-cells, and NK cells) reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basophils reference range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low levels cause anemia and are
associated fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deficiency of iron and therefore of hemoglobin leads to anemia and decreased ability to carry
oxygen to body tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Percent of whole blood that is comprised of red
blood cells; measure of both the number and size of red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measures the size of red blood cells.
Larger or smaller than normal red blood cells may indicate anemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Estimate of the amount of hemoglobin in the average red cell. Low levels indicate anemia |
|
|
Term
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC)indications |
|
Definition
| Estimate of the concentration of hemoglobin in the average red cell. Low levels indicate anemia |
|
|
Term
| Platelets (Thrombocytes) indication |
|
Definition
| Helps blood clotting in order to stop bleeding from injury. Decreased platelet count is called thrombocytopenia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low levels associated with risk of infection; high levels indicates possible
infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These cells provide primary defense against bacterial infection Range: 50-70% of White Blood Cells Bands: 2-6% of White Blood Cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Many kinds of immune cells; protect
against pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi)
and cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germ eating cells. A low number can increase risk of getting sick from an infection, particularly of bacteria type. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of phagocyte that produces the antiinflammatory protein histamine. A high number indicates allergies or parasitic infections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Control inflammation and damage of tissues in the body |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a waste product of red blood cell destruction?
A. Thrombin
B. iron
C. Bilirubin
D. intrinsic factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following is the stimulus for the formation of a blood clot or a platelet plug?
A. A rough surface
B. A smooth surface
C. An intact vessel
D The endothelial lining of a vessel |
|
Definition
A. A rough surface
HB, pg 265 |
|
|
Term
Which lymph nodes remove pathogens in the lymph coming from the head?
A. Thoracic nodes
B. Axillary nodes
C. cervical nodes
D. inguinal nodes |
|
Definition
C. cervical nodes
HB, pg 325 |
|
|
Term
Which lymph nodes remove pathogens in the lymph coming from the legs?
A.Thoracic nodes
B. axillary nodes
C. cervical nodes
D. inguinal nodes |
|
Definition
D. inguinal nodes
HB, pg 325 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following anatomical sites is used to obtain a bone marrow specimen?
A.posterior iliac crest
B. Long bones in the legs
C. ribs
D. humerus |
|
Definition
A. posterior iliac crest
HB, pg 259 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are white blood cells produced from the spleen?
A.macrophages and neutrophils
B Basophils and lymphocytes
C lymphocytes and monocytes
D. monocytes and eosinophils |
|
Definition
C. lymphocytes and monocytes
HB, pg 263 |
|
|
Term
Which term describes hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body"s cells?
A reduced
B detached
C oxyhemoglobin
D Hyphoxyhemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How long does the average red blood cell in live in the body?
A 30 days
B 60 days
C 90 days
D 120 days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T cells and B cells are groups of which cell type?
A red cells
B lymphocytes
C platelets
D Eosinophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which ion is most necessary for blood clotting?
A potassium
B sodium
C calcium
D Magnesium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the normal number of red blood cells for a healthy adult?
A 8 to 10,000/mm3
B 1 to 2.5 million/mm3
C 4.5 to 6 million/mm3
D 8 to 10 million/mm3 |
|
Definition
C. 4.5 to 6 million/mm3
BN, pg 239 |
|
|
Term
Which organ removes old red blood cell from circulation?
A kidney
B spleen
C lung
D pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following terms describes a large area of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin?
A petechiae
B pallor
C Rubor
D Ecchymosis |
|
Definition
D. Ecchymosis
Medicine.net |
|
|
Term
Which of the following manifestations indicates long-term hypoxia?
A pulmonary crackles
B clubbed fingertips
C Dyspnea
D pallor |
|
Definition
B. clubbed fingertips
wikipedia |
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|
Term
Which of the following nursing actions is essential when caring for a patient after a bone marrow biopsy?
A observe for bleeding
B Administer heparin as ordered to prevent clotting
C Hold pressure on the antecubital space for 30 minutes
D keep the patient NPO for 6 hours. |
|
Definition
A. observe for bleeding
BN, pg 1249 |
|
|
Term
A patient has a bone marrow aspiration from his posterior iliac crest. Before the procedure,his blood pressure was 132/82 mmHg,pulse 88/min.one hour after the procedure,his blood pressure is 108/70 mmHg,pulse 96/min.Which of the following assesments is least important at this time?
A check the punture site.
B Check to see whether he had any medication before the procedure
C Ask him if he feels lightheaded or dizzy.
D check his most recent complete blood count report. |
|
Definition
| D. check his most recent complete blood count report. |
|
|
Term
Which activity should be avoided for a patient with thrombocytopenia?
A Visits from family members
B intramuscular injections
C eating fresh fruits and vegetables
D Ambulation
c |
|
Definition
B. intramuscular injections
MS, pg 527 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following medications should be witheld from a patient with a bleeding disorder?
A. Digoxin(Lanoxin)
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Morphine
D. Aspirin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following blood products might be ordered for a patient to correct a clotting disorder?
A Packed red blood cells
B Albumin
C Packe1d white blood cells
D cryoprecipitates |
|
Definition
D. cryoprecipitates
MS, pg 516 |
|
|
Term
A patient who is taking warfarin(coumadin),5mg daily,has an international Normalized Ratio(INR) of 2.5 seconds.Which response by the nurse is best?
A. Hold the next dose of coumadin
B. Notify the physician ASAP
C. Give the daily coumadin as ordered
D. Prepare to administer vitamin K. |
|
Definition
C. Give the daily coumadin as ordered
MS, pg 515 |
|
|
Term
A patient is anemic and 2 units of packed red blood cells are prescribed.Which of the following intravenous solutuions is compatible with a blood transfusion?
A D5W
B D5/0.45NaCL
C 0.9% NaCL
D Lactated Ringers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following nursing assessments measures is necessary beford and during a blood product infusion?
A Vital signs
B Bowel sounds
C Pulpil reactivity
D skin turgor |
|
Definition
A. Vital signs
BN, pg 1250 |
|
|
Term
What is the maximum time that blood can hang during infusion before it begins to deteriorate?
A 1 hour
B 2 hours
C 3 hours
D 4 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A patient recieving blood begins complaining of severe chest pain and says she feels warm.Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A call the physician
B Take temperature,pulse, and respiration;do a cardiovascular assessment.
c. stop the blood transfusion
D. Administer nitroglycerin if ordered. |
|
Definition
c. stop the blood transfusion
BN, pg 1250 |
|
|
Term
Which needle size should a nurse insert if blood is to be infused?
A 12 gauge
B 18 gauge
C 22 gauge
D 26 gauge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the best way a licensed practical nurse can assist the health team to prevent a transfusion reaction?
A Warm the blood to 98.6 F before infusion.
B Assisit the registered nurse in correctly identifying the patient and the blood product.
C administer diphenhydramine(benadryl) before infusion
D Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes. |
|
Definition
B. Assisit the registered nurse in correctly identifying the patient and the blood product.
MS, pg 516 |
|
|
Term
A patient recievoing blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse ausculates the patients lungs and find cracles that were not present before the start of the transfusion.Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
A Hemolytic
B Anaphylactic
C Urticarial
D Circulatory overload |
|
Definition
D. Circulatory overload
MS, pg 518 |
|
|
Term
A patient has a white cell count of 8000/mm3.What concern does the nurse have about this finding?
A The patient has an infection
B The patient is at risk of infection
C The patient has a hematological disorder.
D There is no concern;this is a normal finding. |
|
Definition
D. There is no concern; this is a normal finding.
MS, pg 509 |
|
|
Term
What type of blood cells are deficient in a patient with anemia?
A Red blood cells(RBCs)
B White blood cells(WBNCs)
C Platelets |
|
Definition
A. Red blood cells(RBCs)
MS, pg 509 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are most likely to be the cause of anemia?
A Vitamin C,D, and selenium
B Iron,folic acid,and vitamin B12
C Vitamin A,calcium, and phosphorus
D Aluminum, vitamin E, and beta carotene. |
|
Definition
B. Iron,folic acid,and vitamin B12
MS, pg 510 |
|
|
Term
Which blood tests does the nurse check to monitor the progress of the patient with anemia?
A Electrolytes;blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatine
B Thrombin clotting time and prothrombin time
C WBC and platelet counts
D Hemoglobin and hematocrit |
|
Definition
D. Hemoglobin and hematocrit
MS, pg 509 |
|
|
Term
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropraite for the patient with anemia?
A Inefffective airway clearance related to dyspnea
B Activity intolerance related to tissue hypoxia
C Risk for infection related to reduction in circulating WBCs
D pain related to bone marrow dysfunction |
|
Definition
B. Activity intolerance related to tissue hypoxia
MS, pg 522 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage the patiennt with iron deficiency anemia to eat?
A molasses and red meats
B citrus fruits and dairy products
C yellow vegetables,green teas
D Berries and natural cereals |
|
Definition
A. molasses and red meats
MS, pg 522 |
|
|
Term
The nurse is preparing to give an injection of iron (imferon) to a patient with anemia.why should the Z-track method for injection be used?
A To prevent tissue damage at the site
B To prevent pain at the site
C To prevent discoloration of the tissue at the site
D To promote faster absorption of the medication. |
|
Definition
C. To prevent discoloration of the tissue at the site
MS, pg 524 |
|
|
Term
A patient with thrombocytopenia is having pain.if each of the following medications is ordered,which should the nurse choose to administer?
A Acetaminophen with codeine(Tylenol#3)po
B Meperidine (demerol)IM
C Oxycodone with aspirin (perocodan)PO
D Morphine SQ |
|
Definition
| A. Acetaminophen with codeine(Tylenol#3)po |
|
|
Term
A patient with aplastic anemia is to receive an injction of erythropoietin (Epogen). She asks what the injection intended to do.Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
A it works like a blood transfusion to give you extra red blood cells
B it will inhibit the protein that is attacking byour red blood cells.
c It will stimulate your body to produce more of its own red blood cells
D it will give you energy while your body is recovering from the anemia. |
|
Definition
C. It will stimulate your body to produce more of its own red blood cells
MS, pg 525 |
|
|
Term
A 16 year old patient is admitted with sickle cell crises and has complaints of dyspnea and leg pain.What is the cause of pain in this patient?
A. A disturbance in cellular metabolism
B Expansion of bone marrow with a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells.
C. Clumping of abnormal red blood cells,leading to obstruction of capillary blood flow.
D. Bleeding into joints because of rapid destruction of RBCs by the bone marrow. |
|
Definition
C. Clumping of abnormal red blood cells,leading to obstruction of capillary blood flow.
MS, pg 525 |
|
|
Term
Patients from which cultural background are most likely to have sickle cell anemia?
A Hispanic
B African
C Asian
D European |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following activities should the nurse discourage the patient with sickle cell anemia from engaging in?
A sexual activity
B Long distance driving
C Sitting for long periods
D skiing in the mountains |
|
Definition
D. skiing in the mountains
MS, pg 529 |
|
|
Term
What is the rationale for providing warm compress and blankets for the patient with sickle cell crises?
A sickle cell crises causes shivering and discomfort.
B Heat prevents vasoconstriction and impaired circulation
C Heat helps prevent the cells from becoming sickled
D Heat speeds production of new healthy red blood cells. |
|
Definition
B. Heat prevents vasoconstriction and impaired circulation
MS, 529 |
|
|
Term
Because they can trigger a crises,which of the following foods should be avoided by patients with sickle cell anemia?
A Alcoholic beverages
B Citrus fruits
C Chocolates and colas
D Whole grain products |
|
Definition
A. Alcoholic beverages
MS, pg 529 |
|
|
Term
A patient is admitted to he hospital with hypertension and vertigo related to polycythemia vera.For which of the following treatments should the nurse prepare the patient?
A injection of colony-building factors
B Therapeutic phlebotomy
C Splenectomy
D Myelogram |
|
Definition
B. Therapeutic phlebotomy
MS, pg 530 |
|
|
Term
Which laboratory study does the nurse monitor to help evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for polycythemia?
A Total protein
B WBC differential
C BUN
D Hematocrit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following nursing interventions best helps prevent complications in the patient with polycythemia?
A Encourage 3 liters of water daily
B Monitor intake and output
C Avoid use of injections for pain
D Maintain bedrest during treatment |
|
Definition
A. Encourage 3 liters of water daily
MS, pg 530 |
|
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Term
Which of the following manifestations alerts the nurse to the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)?
A Weakness of paralysis on one side
B Rising blood pressure and pulse
C Petechiae
D Absence of pulses in extremeties |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which nursing intervention is least likely to cause complications in the patient with DIC?
A Administering intramuscular (IM) meperidine(Demerol) for pain
B use of electric razor for pain
C Assisting the patient to brush his teeth
D Offering aspirin for mild pain |
|
Definition
| B. use of electric razor for pain |
|
|
Term
Which of the following definitions of purpura is correct?
A Small red spots over the skin
B Purpulish discoloration of the mucous membranes
C Hemorrhage into the skin
D Splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails |
|
Definition
C. Hemorrhage into the skin
MS, pg 531 |
|
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Term
A comatose patient is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile accident.The nurse notes a Medic-Alert identification bracelet on his arm,which states that he has hemophilia. What should the nurse do first?
A Notify the physician of the bracelet
B Remove the bracelet and give it to the patients family member
C tape the bracelet to the patients arm
D Call the phone number on the bracelet. |
|
Definition
| A. Notify the physician of the bracelet |
|
|
Term
Which of the following assessment findings is not unusual in the patient with hemophilia?
A unequal pupils
B joint deformities
C Elevated white cell count
D Distended abdomen |
|
Definition
B. joint deformities
MS, pg 532 |
|
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Term
A patient walks into the urgent care clinic,stating he has hemophilia and that he is bleeding.The triage nurse does a quick assessment and sees no signs of active bleeding.several patients are already in the waiting area.which of the following actions by the nurse is most appropraite?
A Place the patient in an examination room and tell the doctor that the patient may be bleeding.
B Ask the patient to sit in the waiting room until his name is called
C Send the patient for routine x-rays to look for the source of bleeding before placing him in an examination room
D Palpate the suspected area to determine whether bleeding is present. |
|
Definition
A. Place the patient in an examination room and tell the doctor that the patient may be bleeding.
MS, pg 533 |
|
|
Term
A patient with hemophilia A is bleeding.Which of the following treatments should the nurse anticipate?
A IM injection of factor VIII
B IM injection of factor IX
C Intravenous (IV) infusion of factor VIII.
D IV infusing of factor IX. |
|
Definition
C. Intravenous (IV) infusion of factor VIII.
MS, pg 533 |
|
|
Term
A 54-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital in the final stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL). Which of the following manifestations of CLL would the nurse expect to find while collecting admission data?
A Nausea and vomiting
B Hypotension and alopecia
c Cervical lymphadenopathy and chest pain.
D Fever and abnormal bleeding. |
|
Definition
| D. Fever and abnormal bleeding. |
|
|
Term
Why is it important for the nurse to institute measures to protect the patient with leukemia from infection?
A The drugs needed to fight infection are dangerous for the patient with leukemia
B Leukemia seriously impairs the leukocytes and the body's ability to fight infection
C Infection can precipate hemorrhage in the patient with leukemia
D Infection in the patient with leukemia can lead to permanent neurological damage. |
|
Definition
B. Leukemia seriously impairs the leukocytes and the body's ability to fight infection
MS, pg 526 |
|
|
Term
A patient is being tested for possible leukemia.With which of the following diagnostic tests should the nuse anticipate assisting?
A Bone marrow biopsy
B Thoracentesis
C Liver biopsy
D Arterial blood gas analysis |
|
Definition
A. Bone marrow biopsy
MS, pg 536 |
|
|
Term
The nurse is emptying the bedside commode of a patient with chronic leukemia and notes the stool is very dark.Which assumption should guide the nurses decision about what to do?
A The patient ate something that turned the stool a dark color
B The patient is most likely on iron supplemients
C The patient may be bleeding
D The patient is dehydrated. |
|
Definition
C. The patient may be bleeding
MS, pg 537 |
|
|
Term
A patient recieving chemotherapy for chronic myelocytic leukemia has irritated mucous membranes.Which of the following mouth care interventions will clean the teeth without causing further mucous membrane complications?
A Swab teeth and mucous membranes four times daily with lemon-glycerin swabs.
B Brush teeth twice a day with a firm toothbrush
C Use sponge toothettes to clean teeth after meals.
D Use waxed floss between meals and at bedtime. |
|
Definition
C. Use sponge toothettes to clean teeth after meals.
MS, pg 538 |
|
|
Term
A patient with multiplw myeloma is being care for at home.Which of the following nursing diagnoses should guide the nurse when teaching the family how to provide care for the patient?
A Ineffective airway clearance related to cervical lymphadenopathy
B Ineffective tissue perfussion related to vascular occlusion
C Risk for deficient fluid volume related to bleeding disorder
D Risk for injury related to compromised bone integrity. |
|
Definition
| D. Risk for injury related to compromised bone integrity. |
|
|
Term
The patient with multiple myeloma is at risk for hypercalcemia.What is one nursing intervention that will help minimize complications related to this imbalance?
A Encourage fluids
B Offer citrus juices and fruits
C Place the patient on a low-sodium diet
D Disscourage intake of alcoholic beverages. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which question by the nurse helps evaluate the patients response to treatment for anemia?
A is your appetite improving?
B Are you sleeping all night?
C Are you keeping up with your work schedule?
D Are you requiring many analgesics? |
|
Definition
| C. Are you keeping up with your work schedule? |
|
|
Term
A patient with hodgkins disease has cervical lymph node enlargement. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse attend to first?
A Fever
B Stridor
C Fatigue
D Jaundice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following beverages should the patient with Hodgkins disease be instructed to avoid?
A coffee
B Orange juice
C Wine
D Ginger ale. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where would the nurse expect to find enlarged lymph nodes in a patient with stage III Hodgkins disease?
A In the neck only
B Above the diaphragm only
C Below the Diaphragm only
D Generalized throughout the body. |
|
Definition
| D. Generalized throughout the body. |
|
|
Term
A patient with lymphoma wants to attend her daughter's graduation, but she says she is too tired to even think about it. The nurse develops a plan for fatigue related symptoms of lymphoma. How will the nurse know if the plan has been effective?
A The patient is able to sleep 8 hours at night
B The patient can list three ways to combact fatigue
C The patient is able to attend her daughters graduation
D The patient is able to walk for 10 minutes without tiring. |
|
Definition
| D. The patient is able to walk for 10 minutes without tiring. |
|
|
Term
A patient with terminal lymphoma says to the nurse,"i m tired of living like this. can't you just give me a big shot of morphine and help me end this suffering?" Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropraite?
A. "You have orders for morphine 10 to 15 mg.i dont think thats enough to do the job."
B "You sound frustrated.Would you like me to contact the chaplain to come and speak with you?"
C "I could get into big trouble for doing that,Would you like a shot just to take away the pain?"
D "Are you sure that is what you want me to do? Maybe you should think about it first." |
|
Definition
| B. "You sound frustrated.Would you like me to contact the chaplain to come and speak with you?" |
|
|
Term
A patient is being prepared for splenectomy. What is the purpose of the order for a vitamin K injection?
A It will correct clotting factor deficiencies.
B It will replace Vitamin K lost during night sweats
c It will correct a dietary deficiency.
D It helps the body prepare for wound healing. |
|
Definition
A. It will correct clotting factor deficiencies.
MS, pg 544 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following nursing interventions will best help prevent respiratory infection in a patient who has had a splenectomy?
A Ausculate lung sounds every shift.
B Administer scetaminophen(Tylenol) for fever
C Teach the patient to cough and deep breath ever hour
D Keep the head of the bed elevated at least 30. |
|
Definition
C. Teach the patient to cough and deep breath ever hour
MS, pg 544 |
|
|
Term
A patient who has had a splenectomy complains of malaise. The nurse checks his temperature and finds it is 102 F(39 C).Which of the following actions by the nurse should take priority?
A Administer acetaminophen to reduce fever and relieve discomfort
B Encourage fluids to reduce fever and prevent dehydration.
C Explain to th patient that low-grade fevers are not uncommon after splenectomy because the spleen is part of the immune system.
D Notify the physician, because postsplenectomy patients are at risk for deadly infection. |
|
Definition
D. Notify the physician, because postsplenectomy patients are at risk for deadly infection.
MS, pg 544 |
|
|
Term
What follow-up care is important for a patient who has had a splenectomy?
A Monthly coagulation studies
B Lifetime use of vaccinations against infections
C A course of radiation therapy to prevent malignancy
D Routine transfusion of packed cells to prevent anemia. |
|
Definition
B. Lifetime use of vaccinations against infections
MS, pg 544 |
|
|
Term
Which of the following nursing actions is the best way to prevent infection in the post operative patient?
A Practice good hand washing
B Check vital signs every 4 hours
C Change wound dressings daily.
D Encourage 2 liters of fluid daily. |
|
Definition
| A. Practice good hand washing |
|
|
Term
| Complete blood count (CBC) |
|
Definition
| Blood test that indicates the percentage of formed elements (blood cells) in a sample of blood |
|
|
Term
| Complete blood count (CBC) |
|
Definition
| Test is used to diagnose anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another term for blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood test that indicates the precentage of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of blood cell formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for white blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, highly phagocytic granulocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fragment of a megakaryocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Its primary role is hemostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The immature cell is the reticulocyte |
|
|
Term
Red blood cell
or
Hemoglobin |
|
Definition
| Its primary role is the transport of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is filled primarily with hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This enzyme dissolves a clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| its primary role is the defense of the body, especially against pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contributes to the formation of pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has the A, B and Rh antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| its life span is about 120 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of granulocytes and agranulocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of neutrophisls, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesized in response to erythropoiesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deficiency is called thrombocvytopenia; it is characterized by bleeding and petechiae formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deficiency is called granulocytopenia; it is characterized by infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deficiency is called anemia; it is characterized by fatigue and pallor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditions include leukopenia and leukocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by chemotaxis and diapedesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid hemolysis causes jaundice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes deficient with a poor dietary iontake of iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the plasma of this type of blood contains both anti-a and anti-B antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interaction between the A antigen and anti-A antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A(+), B(+), and O(-); the (+) and (-) refer tothis antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the plasma of this blood type has only anti-A antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the type of anemia that can be induced by agglutination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemolyhsis causes hyperbilirubinemia and |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what type is this red blood cell: the plasma has anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the clotting factor that is synthesized in the liver; vitamin K is necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with "stickiness" and a plug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anticoagulant that interferes with the synthesis of prothrombin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organ that synthesizes most of the clotting factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the antidote to a warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this anticoagulant acts primarily as an antithrombin agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads |
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