Term
| because the main function of RBCs is oxygenation, anemia results in |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| major blood loss over a short period of time, too few RBCs being made, increased RBC destruction |
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Term
| Depending on whether or not the anemia is chronic the body compensates in three ways |
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Definition
| increasing heart rate and respiratory rate to circulate the existing RBCs as quickly as possible with as much oxygen, by redistributing the blood away from the skin, GI tract and kidneys to the brain and heart, by increasing the production of erythropoeitin |
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Term
| a condition in which too many RBCs are produced |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of polycythemia vera |
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Definition
| headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, ruddy(reddish) complexion |
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Term
| treatment for polycythemia vera |
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Definition
| 1 U of blood phlebotemized to keep hct normal |
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Term
| results from the failure of bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs that can cause bone marrow failur |
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Definition
| streptomycin, chloramphenicol, exposure to toxic chemicals |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| pallor, extreme fatigue, tachycardia, shortness of breath, hypotension, unusually prolonged or spontaneous bleeding and frequent infections that do not resolve, in addition to abnormally low RBC, WBC, and plt counts & abnormally low number on blood making cells in bone marrow |
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Term
| medical treatment for aplastic anemia focuses on |
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Definition
| identifying and treating cause |
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Term
| the bone marrow makes adequate amounts of the blood cells but they are destroyed once they are released into the circulation |
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Definition
| autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia can inclued certain |
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Definition
| infections, drug reactions and certain cancers |
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Term
| blood transfusions can cause hemolytic anemia fi lymphocytes in the transfused blood make ______ against the person receiving the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
| pallor, extreme fatigue, tachycardia, shortness of breath and hypotension |
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Term
| patients with hemolytic anemia usually have |
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Definition
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Term
| pt's with hemolytic anemia have a positive result on a |
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Definition
| direct coombs antiglobulin blood test |
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Term
| iron deficiency anemia results from _____ or from the obdy not absorbing enough iron from the _____ |
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Definition
| a diet too low in iron, gi tract |
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Term
| symptoms of iron defiency anemia |
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Definition
| fatgue and pallor, orthostatic changes in HR and BP(in severe cases), low RBC count, low Hgb value, low Hct, low serum iron levle, low ferritin level, high total iron binding capacity |
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Term
| foods that are rich in iron |
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Definition
| liver, oysters, red meats, fish, dried fruits, legumes, dark green vegetables adn iron enriched whole grain breads and cereals, egg yolks, dark chocalate |
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Term
| occurs when a person does not absorb vitamin B12 from the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| the person with pernicious anemia may lack ______ a substanc made in the stomach that is essential for ______ |
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Definition
| intrinsic factor, b12 absorption |
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Term
| the person with pernicious anemia may have had a _______ in which part or all of the stomach was removed and so cannot make _________ and therefor cannot absorb vitamin B12 |
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Definition
| gastrectomy or gastric bypass |
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Term
| symptoms of pernicious anemia along with fatigue and pallor |
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Definition
| weakness, a sore tongue, numbness of the hands or feet |
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Term
| if the patient has neurologic symptoms with pernicious anemia a ____ is prescribed |
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Definition
| IM injection of vitamin b12, monthly |
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Term
| a disease in which the normally disk shaped RBCs become sickle shaped |
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Definition
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Term
| misshapen blood cells of sickle cell anemia are more ______ than normal cells and as a result the sickled cells easily _____ as they pass through small capillaries resulting in _______ |
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Definition
| fragile, rupture, chronic anemia |
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Term
| abnormally shaped sickled cells become stuck in the small capillaries of the body _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| persistenly low RBC count, fatigue, jaundic, cardiomegaly, tachycardia |
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Term
| occurs when the sickled cells become stuck in larger blood vessels of the body obstructing blood flow and causeing severe pain |
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Definition
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Term
| various stressors that can trigger a sickle cell crisis |
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Definition
| dehydration, infection, overexertion, high altitudes, cold weather changes, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking |
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Term
| commonly during a sickle cell crissis circulation is comprimised to the: |
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Definition
| chest, abdomen, bones, joints, bone marrow, brain or penis |
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Term
| pt in sickle cell crisis often have a |
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Definition
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Term
| for patients who experience frequent crises this drug can be prescribed |
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Definition
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Term
| hydroxyurea stimulates the production of a certain type of hgb that is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| investigate symptoms of an infection such as |
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Definition
| sore throat, cough, abnormal breath sounds, dysuria or diarrhea |
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Term
| coagulation disorders can result from |
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Definition
| platelet abnormality or clotting factor deficiency |
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Term
| a condition in which a person has too few platelets circulating in the blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| thrombocytopenia may be because |
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Definition
| not enough plt are being made in bone marrow or too many are bieing destroyed in circulation |
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Term
| the major cause of thrombocytopenia related to inadequate production of platelts is trement of cancer with |
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Definition
| chemotherapy or radiation therapy |
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Term
| in patients treated with chemotherapy or radiation, thrombocytopenia can be expected _______ after treatment and lasts until the bone marrow is able to make more platelets which is usual ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| two examples of thrombocytopenia resulting from too many plts being either destroyed or conumed |
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Definition
| idopathic throbocytopenia purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopinc purpura |
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Term
| symptoms of thrombocytopenia |
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Definition
| petechia and purpura, gigival bleeding, epistaxis, or any other prolonged bleeding |
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Term
| a hypercoagulable state meaning that blood cloting is abnormally increased |
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Definition
| disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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Term
| DIC occurs when overstimulation of the normal coagulation cascade results in simultaneaous |
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Definition
| thrombosis and hemorrhage |
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Term
| DIC is alway secondary to another pathologic proces such as |
|
Definition
| overwhelming sepsi, shock, major trauma, crush injuries, burns, cancer, acute tumor lysis syndrom, obstetric complications such as abruptio pacentae or fetal demise |
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Term
| blood tests that help to diagnose DIC |
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Definition
| prothrombin time, partial throboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products, d-dimers |
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Term
| pt with DIC has increased |
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Definition
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Term
| a genetic disease in which the affected person lacks some of the blood cloting factors normally found in plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| in hemophilia A facort ___ is missing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in hemophilia B factor ____ is missing |
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Definition
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Term
| signs and symptoms of hemophilia |
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Definition
| bleeding into the joints causing swelling and sever pain |
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Term
| bleeding from hemophilia can also occur |
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Definition
| into the skin, from the mouth, gums and lips and from the GI tract |
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Term
| the hallmoark of hemophilia |
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Definition
|
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Term
| for hemophilia the physician prescribes transfusions of |
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Definition
| fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate or both |
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Term
| signs and symptoms of hemophilia |
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Definition
| bleeding into the joints causing swelling and sever pain |
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Term
| bleeding from hemophilia can also occur |
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Definition
| into the skin, from the mouth, gums and lips and from the GI tract |
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Term
| the hallmoark of hemophilia |
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Definition
|
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Term
| for hemophilia the physician prescribes transfusions of |
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Definition
| fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate or both |
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Term
| different types of anemias |
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Definition
aplastic anemia
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
sickle cell anemia |
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Term
| DIC is always secondary to another pathologic process such as |
|
Definition
| overwhelming sepsis, shock, major trauma, crush injuries, burns, cancer, acute tumor lysis syndrome, or obstetric complications (abruptio placentae, fetal demise) |
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Term
| Blood tests that help diagnose DIC include |
|
Definition
| prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, thrombin time, fibrin split products level, and D-dimers |
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Term
| general symptoms of reactions to blood transfusions |
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Definition
| Back or chest pain, fever, chills, decreased blood pressure, urticaria, wheezing, dyspnea, or coughing during the transfusion |
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Term
| to treat reactions to blood transfusion you should be prepared to administer |
|
Definition
| oxygen, epinephrine, Solu-Cortef, furosemide (Lasix), antipyretics as prescribed by provider |
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Term
| complications of polycythemia vera |
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure, gout, htn, hemorrhage, peptic ulcer |
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|
Term
| aplastic anemia results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| body tries to compensate for aplastic anemia by |
|
Definition
| increased hr and resp rate, blood shifted away from GI system and skin to brain, heart, lungs |
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Term
| aplastic anemia must be confirmed with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| conditions that reduce the size of red blood cells or amount of hgb or both |
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Definition
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|
Term
| after administering PO iron replacement teach pt to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| slients with pernicious anemia may have |
|
Definition
| fatigue, pallor, weakness, sore tongue, numbness of hands or feet, sensitivty to cold, ataxia weight loss, flatulence indigestion |
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Term
| hemophilia gene is carried by _ but affects mostly _ |
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Definition
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