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1. Which of the following characteristics does not accurately describe blood?
a. It is thicker than water
b. Deoxygenated blood is red
c. Average adult volume of approximately 5 liters
d. Normal pH is 7.15 - 7.35
e. It is a connective tissue |
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2. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. Gamma globulins-immune proteins
b. Albumins- transport lipid soluble substances
c. alpha globulins- transport lipid soluble substances
d. beta globulins- transport oxygen
e. Fibrinogens- clotting proteins |
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3. Which of the following blood cell types is a "complete" cell that contains all of the structures and organelles of a typical cell?
a. Lymphocyte
b. Platelets
c. Eosinophil
d. Erythrocytes
e. both a and c |
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4. Which of the following is not a component of plasma?
a. Platelets
b. Plasma proteins
c. Dissolved solutes
d. Water
e. both b and c |
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5. Erythropoietin is best described by which of the following?
a. A hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.
b. A hormone that stimulates the production of white blood cells
c. A clotting factor involved in the formation of a platelet plug.
d. A hormone secreted by the spleen
e. both a and d |
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6. Erythrocytes are able to load/unload oxygen very quickly. This is because...
a. They have a high surface area to volume ratio.
b. They lack mitochondria
c. They have a limited lifespan.
d. They are too small to need oxygen
e. both c and d |
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7. During the vascular spasm stage of hemostasis, blood loss is limited through ________ of the injured blood vessel.
a. severing
b. vasoconstriction
c. vasodilation
d. both b and c |
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8. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is derived from the __________ of red blood cells removed from circulation.
a. globin
b. heme group
c. iron
d. nucleus |
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9. During the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles have not yet generated enough pressure to open the...
a. atrioventricular valves.
b. tricuspid and aortic semilunar valves
c. semilunar valves
d. all of the above |
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10. During embryonic/ fetal development, hematopoiesis occurs in all of the following organs/ structures except...
a. the liver
b. the red bone marrow
c. the spleen
d. the yellow bone marrow
e. the embryonic yolk sac |
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11. Which of the following statements regarding the molecule hemoglobin is FALSE?
a. It consists of a heme group and 4 globin chains.
b. The heme group binds oxygen
c. Iron ions form the center of each heme group.
d. It is more important for the transport of CO2 rather than O2 |
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12. The parasympathetic nervous system can make adjustments to the rate of spontaneous depolarization of the SA and AV nodes via the...
a. Cardioaccelerator nerve
b. Hypoglossal nerve
c. Vestibulocochlear nerve
d. Vagus nerve
e. abducens nerve |
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13. White blood cell production occurs in response to...
a. thrombopoietin
b. histamine
c. erythropoietin
d. colony stimulating factors |
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14. When a blood vessel is damaged, collagen fibers from connective tissues in its wall are exposed to the blood. The most apparent effect of these exposed collagen fibers is to...
a. attract platelets
b. stimulate vasospasm
c. convert prothrombin to thrombin
d. limit the release of clotting factors from endothelial cells |
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15.Neurtophil
a. released chemical mediators of inflammation/allergies
b. Defend the body against helminthes (parasitic worms)
c. Become marcrophages upon entering tissues.
d. Anucleate
e Phagocytic. Most numerous in early stages of infection. |
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16. Basophil
a. released chemical mediators of inflammation/allergies
b. Defend the body against helminthes (parasitic worms)
c. Become marcrophages upon entering tissues.
d. Anucleate
e Phagocytic. Most numerous in early stages of infection. |
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17. Monocyte
a. released chemical mediators of inflammation/allergies
b. Defend the body against helminthes (parasitic worms)
c. Become marcrophages upon entering tissues.
d. Anucleate
e Phagocytic. Most numerous in early stages of infection. |
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18. Erythrocyte
a. released chemical mediators of inflammation/allergies
b. Defend the body against helminthes (parasitic worms)
c. Become marcrophages upon entering tissues.
d. Anucleate
e Phagocytic. Most numerous in early stages of infection. |
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19. Formed elements of the blood include all of the following except?
a. platelets
b. basophils
c. albumins
d. erythrocytes
e. monocytes |
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20. Red blood cells have a limited lifespan. Damaged red blood cells are removed from circulation by...
a. macrophages in the spleen and liver.
b. endothelial cells in the capillaries
c. capillary exchange in the bloodstream
d. macrophages in the heart.
e. filtration in the kidneys |
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22. Which of the following is TRUE about the atrioventricular valves.
a. They occur between the ventricles and either pulmonary trunk or aorta.
b. Unlike the semilunar valves, they permit blood to pass in either direction
c. They include the tricuspid valve.
d. They prevent blood from entering the ventricles
e. None of the above is true. |
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23. Which of the following best describes the pericardium?
a. It is a fibrous sac that encloses the heart.
b. It is a serous membrane
c. It is comprised of a thick layer of smooth muscle.
d. It is the body cavity that contain the heart. |
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24. ________ occur in the intercalated discs and help to ensure that cardiac muscle cells are strongly secured to each other to withstand the forces generated during heart contraction.
a. Desmosomes
b. Gap junctions
c. Tight junctions
d. Microvilli
e. All of the above. |
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25. The sympathetic nervous system is able to increase cardiac output by...
a. increasing heart rate
b. increasing stroke volume
c. increasing vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels.
d. all of the above
e. both a and b |
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26. The primary pacemaker of the heart is also known as the...
a. Vagus nerve
b. Sinoatrial node
c. The interventricular bundle
d. Atrioventricular node
e. ALl of the above. |
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27. Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of cells called...
a. hemocytoblasts
b. leukocytes
c. megakaryocytes
d. erythrocytes
e. none of the above |
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28. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the intrinsic conduction system?
a. It establishes the baseline heart rate.
b. It is includes two nodes
c. It initiates and coordinates contraction of the heart.
d. It includes cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
e. It consists of cardiac muscle cells that are unable to maintain a resting membrane potential. |
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29. As the ventricles contract, they generate pressure that will...
a. open the semilunar valves
b. open the atrioventricular valves.
c. open both sets of valves
d. close both sets of valves |
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31. Most of the ventricular filling with blood occurs...
a. due to the effects of gravity.
b. due to the force of atrial contraction
c. due to the elastic recoil of the aorta and pulmonary trunks
d. none of the above. |
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32. The lack of the tunica media and tunica externa in the capillaries facilitates...?
a. vasoconstriction
b. nutrient/ waste exchange
c. acid-base balance
d. hemostasis |
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33. Which of the following sequences places the intrinsic conduction system in the correct order?
a. SA node-intermodal pathway-AV node-Interventricular bundle-bundle branches-purkinje fibers
b. AV node-intermodal pathway-SA node-interventricular bundle-bundle branches-purkinje fibers
c. SA node-intermodal pathway-AV node- intermodal pathway-bundle branches-purkinje fibers
d. SA node-intermodal pathway-AV node - bundle branches-interventricular bundle-purkinje fibers |
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34. The tunica media consists of...
a. a simple squamous endothelium
b. smooth muscle tissue
c. a subendothelium
d. dense connective tissue
e. cardiac muscle tissue |
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35. Capillaries are best known as...
a. vessels that return blood to the heart.
b. vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
c. vessels that have extremely thick walls.
d. vessels that are the location of exchanges between blood and tissues.
e. both c and d |
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37. Which of the following places the layers associated with the heart in proper sequence (superficial to deep-most)?
a. Fibrous pericardium-parietal pericardium-epicardium-myocardium-endocardium
b. epicardium-fibrous pericardium-parietal pericardium-myocardium-endocardium
c. endocardium-myocardium-epicardium-parietal pericardium-fibrous pericardium
d. none of the above |
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38. Which of the following statements best represents a feature shard by both the heart and blood vessels?
a. They are covered with a serous membrane
b. They possess a middle layer that consists of cardiac muscle
c. Their innermost layer consists of a simple squamous endothelium
d. They possess internal and external elastic lamina.
e. None of the above |
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39. _________ refers to the blood remaining in the ventricles immediately after contraction has occurred.
a. stroke volume
b. end-diastolic volume
c. end-systolic volume
d. ejection fraction |
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40.Ventricular diastole is best associated with the __________ on an electrocardiogram.
a. P wave
b. QRS complex
c. T wave
d. A wave |
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41. The left ventricle...
a. pumps blood to the systemic circuit.
b. receives blood from the pulmonary circuit
c. receives blood from the systemic circuit.
d. pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit. |
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42. As a person ages, their cardiac reserve declines, this means that...
a. their heart is less capable of increasing cardiac output during strenuous physical activity.
b. their heart valves particularly the mitral valve, have thickened excessively.
c. they are more prone to developing arrhythmias.
d. none of the above. |
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43. Calculate cardiac output given the following information.
HR=60bpm
EDV=120mL
ESV=50mL
a. 4200ml/minute
b. 1300ml/minute
c. 6120ml/minute
d. 7200ml/minute |
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44. If the AV node were destroyed (known as a heart block), impulses that initiate and coordinate _________ contraction would not be transmitted.
a. atrial
b. ventricular
c. the entire heart's
d. both a and b |
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45. End-diastolic volume is influenced by which of the following factors?
a. Arterial pressure
b. Force of contraction
c. heart rate
d. closing of the AV valves.
e. all of the above |
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47. Which of the following statements regarding the plateau seen in the action potential of a cardiac muscle cell is correct?
a. The plateau is caused by the efflux of potassium ions
b. The plateau delays repolarization which extends the refractory period.
c. The plateau delays repolarization which allows the chambers to fill with blood prior to the next contraction.
d. both b and c
e. all of the above |
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48. Which statement comparing the action potentials in skeletal and cardiac muscle is correct?
a. BOth skeletal and cardiac muscle action potential have a plateau phase.
b. The action [potential is much longer in skeletal muscle than cardiac muscle.
c. Cardiac muscle action potentials have hyperpolarization phase. Skeletal muscle doesn't.
d. Ca+2 plays an important role in the action potential of skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle.
e. none of the above is correct |
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