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how does understanding culture and ethnic diversity help improve nursing care |
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Increases diversity of people with whom nurses communicate effectively Enables nurses to attend more accurately to the integrity of the client as a socially and culturally connected person Prevent nurses from imposing their own cultural presuppositions on clients and peers |
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A belief system that the members of the culture hold to varying degrees, consciously and unconsciously as absolute truth. The belief system guides everyday behavior and makes it routine It provides answers to the unanswerable questions of life, sickness, and death. Makes the world make sense. Enables a person to behave reasonably in contexts that she or he share with members of the same culture |
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characteristics of culture |
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Culture is learned from other people over time Shared by people who communicate with each other Shared unequally by it’s member Culture is dynamic (culture change) Culture is diverse Culture is reasonable from the perspective of its members Not easily described by it’s members Habituated assumptions (usual way) Ethnocentric(view ones culture as the truth) Relative (cultures relate differently to same situations) Pervasive—holistic Observable in rituals Recognized at many levels-artwork |
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Ethnicity-self conscious past oriented form of identity based on notion of shared cultural and ancestral heritage |
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Minority-defined by social power, size of population, ethnicity |
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Race-biological characteristics as markers of separate social status (ethnic group takes social characteristics (language, religion) |
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Racism-uses skin color as the primary indicator of social value |
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Subcultures- holistic belief system that is held most expertly by recognizable portion of the larger population |
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Stereotype- preconceived untested beliefs about people |
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culturally competent nursing |
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Culturally competent nursing-(transcultural nursing)-culture is an integral component of the of nursing process |
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Growth and development-populations differ in adult size because of genetic and environment al factors
Nutritional tolerance cultural food preferences
Body odor- how people respond
Skin color |
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Madeleine Leininger founded transcultural nursing 50 years ago to help people of diverse cultures |
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48% live in Ca, Fl, Michigan, NY NJ (most in Michigan) Religion-Christian, Judaism, Islam Values family, female chastity, male dominance Health issues Diabetes-at risk obese, age, gender, low employment rate, lack of education Acculturation plays a role in diabetes Mental illness Adolescent smoking in males Barriers to healthcare-religion, culture, values, lack of English skills (same sex doctor) |
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Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, Vietnamese Surpassed all ethnic groups in educational achievements Breast cancer seek treatment late Heart disease, cancer CVA leading cause of death Low infant death rate lowest, high rate of prenatal care, are not overweight, don’t smoke, low rate of htn Mental health problems related to stress Family most important, respect elders, Folk medicine, Yin/Yang (energies), Herbs, CAM |
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Largest ethnic group in US called Latinos Highest uninsured group High rate of cervical cancer Don’t get preventative care Delay in getting healthcare , rare preventative medicine High rate stomach cancer HIV leading cause of death Poor access to healthcare, insurance, language barriers Emphasis on family and religion (spiritual strength) disease is a consequence of poor behavior |
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13% Us population, minority group because of slavery Health status related to social, economic, and environmental factors, access to healthcare High infant and maternal mortality Malnutrition, anemia, lead poisoning, injuries High cancer rates and mortality HIV, HTN, obesity, mental illness Beliefs center on family and religion herbs, home remedies, healers |
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Minority group, low income, poverty predispose them to illness Highest number of smokers Injuries, cirrhosis, diabetes, suicide, homicides, abuse ,mental illness, obesity poor access to healthcare Present oriented, respect cooperation, health is living in harmony with nature, traditional medicine, rituals and ceremonies |
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