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Chapter 20
Blood Vessels Exam V
117
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/28/2011

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Term
Blood vessels: Function
Definition
Vessels make up piping for blood flow throughout body, they supply nutrients and pick up waste.
Term
Blood Vessels: Where they go
Definition
Vessels run though organs and tissues.
Term
Blood Vessels: Major Types
Definition
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
Term
Arteries ... as they leave the ..., and ... come ... as they carry blood to the...
Definition
Branch, heart, veins, together, heart.
Term
Structure of Vessels: 4 parts
Definition
Lumen, tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
Term
Tunica Intima
Definition
Endothelium-simple squamous epithelium
Subendothelial layer- loose CT(vessels less than 1mm)
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
Smooth muscle (contraction=constriction)
Elastin & collagen (assist with elasticity)
Term
Tunica Externa
Definition
Connective tissue (lots of collagen and elastic fibers)
Protection and strength
Term
Arteries (largest to smallest)
Definition
Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, metarterioles.
Term
Types of vessels (largest to smallest)
Definition
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins
Term
Veins (largest to smallest)
Definition
Venules, Thoroughfare channels
Term
Arteries carry blood.... from the heart
Definition
AWAY
Term
Arteries: High.... and .... vessels
Definition
Pressure, Flow
Term
Arteries:...location than ...
Definition
Deeper, Veins
Term
Arteries: More...muscle than veins
Definition
smooth
Term
Arteries: Types
Definition
Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles.
Term
Elastic Arteries (conducting arteries): Size and location
Definition
Largest arteries near the heart
Term
Elastic Arteries features
Definition
Lots of elastin, recoils in order to help keep flow continuous at capillaries (dampens pulsatile flow.)
Term
Muscular Arteries: What it supplies
Definition
Supply organs, parts of organs, and group of organs.
Term
Muscular Arteries: Composition
Definition
Have thickest tunica media. Have internal and external elastic lamina.
Term
Muscular Arteries: Smooth muscle in ... regulates ...
Definition
Tunica Media, flow
Term
Muscular Arteries: Vasoconstriction
Definition
Contraction of smooth muscle
Term
Muscular Arteries: Vasodilation
Definition
Relaxation of smooth muscle.
Term
Arterioles: Size
Definition
Smallest arteries
Term
Arterioles: Tunica... only has ... layers of ... muscle
Definition
Media, 1-2, smooth
Term
Arterioles: Diameter regulated by
Definition
Local factors and sympathetic NS activity.
Term
Capillaries: Size
Definition
Smallest vessels
Term
Capillaries: Composed of...layer of ...cells surrounded by ... membrane
Definition
Single, endothelial, basement
Term
Capillaries: Site of ... and ... exchange
Definition
Gas, nutrient
Term
Capillaries: All...exchange... for ...
Definition
Tissues, nutrients, wastes
Term
Capillaries: Lungs exchange ... and ....
Definition
gases and oxidative tissues
Term
Capillaries: Intestine exchange ... nutrients
Definition
Digested
Term
Capillaries: Endocrine glands
Definition
Release hormones
Term
Capillaries: Kidney
Definition
Removes wastes
Term
Capillary Bed
Definition
Network of body's smallest vessels
Term
Metarterioles
Definition
Intermediate between arteriole and capillary, pre-capillary sphincters control flow
Term
True Capillary
Definition
Gas and nutrient exchange
Term
Thoroughfare channel
Definition
Intermediate between venule capillary
Term
Capillary permeability
Definition
Endothelial cells are held together by tight junctions and some desmosomes
Term
Tight junctions
Definition
Do not surround entire perimeter of endothelial cells-leave gaps where small molecules can enter and leave
Term
Continuous capillaries
Definition
Do not have pores
Term
Fenestrated capillaries
Definition
Have more pores that span the endothelial cells
Term
Diffusion through ... cell membranes and ... are 2 of 4 routes of ...
Definition
Endothelial, fenestrations, permeability
Term
Veins: Take blood... the heart
Definition
Toward
Term
Vein: Low... vessels
Definition
pressure
Term
Veins: More ... location than arteries.
Definition
Superficial
Term
Veins: Less... muscle than arteries
Definition
Smooth
Term
Veins:... walls than arteries
Definition
Thinner
Term
Veins: Types
Definition
Venules-post-capillary venules
Veins
Term
Aids for venous return
Definition
Valves, Body Movement, Muscular Pump, Venous Vasoconstriction
Term
VR: Valves:
Definition
Bloow flow toward the heart pushes cusps apart, and backflow pushes cusps together.
Term
VR: Body Movement
Definition
Simply moving the body moves blood
Term
VR: Muscular Pump
Definition
Skeletal muscles press against veins
Term
VR: Venous Vasoconstriction
Definition
Possible, but not the same as in arteries.
Term
Anastomoses
Definition
Where vessels unite or interconnect
Term
Anastomoses: Types
Definition
Arterial and Venous
Term
Arterial anastomoses
Definition
Provide collateral channels
Term
Venous anastomoses
Definition
Are more abundant than arterial
Term
Vasa Vasorum
Definition
Little vessels (tiny arteries, capillaries, veins) that supply larger arteries and veins with nutrients
Term
Vasa Vasorum location
Definition
Feeds outer half of vessel, located in tunica externa.
Term
Vasa Vasorum: ...blood feeds ...half
Definition
Luminal, inner
Term
Vasa Vasorum: Small vessels get ...supply from ... blood
Definition
Full, luminal
Term
Pulmonary Trunk
Definition
Artery that takes blood to the lungs, branches in to right and left pulmonary arteries.
Term
Pulmonary Circuit: Each pulmonary artery... into ... arteries, which branch ... and ... until they are ...
Definition
Branches, lobar, smaller, smaller, capillaries
Term
Pulmonary veins
Definition
(4 of them, 2 from each lung)bring blood back to the heart
Term
Aorta Ascending
Definition
Right and Left coronary arteries
Term
Aorta Arch
Definition
Brachiocephalic trunk- Right and left common cartoid, right and left subclavian.
Term
Aorta Descending
Definition
Thoracic Aorta, Abdominal Aorta- Right and Left Common Iliac
Term
Arteries of Upper Limbs: List
Definition
Subclavian, Axillary, Brachial, Radial, Ulnar, Palmar Arches (superficial and deep)
Term
Subclavian
Definition
Underlies clavicle
Term
Axillary
Definition
Supplies breast, shoulder, scapular areas
Term
Brachial
Definition
Supplies anterior and posterior arm muscles
Term
Radial
Definition
Supplies lateral forearm
Term
Ulnar
Definition
Supplies medial forearm
Term
Palmar Arches
Definition
Supplies Hand
Term
Arteries of Lowe Limbs: List
Definition
Common Iliac Arteries, Internal Iliac, External Iliac, Femoral, Popliteal, Anterior Tibial, Posterior Tibial
Term
Internal Iliac Artery
Definition
Supplies Pelvic region
Term
External Iliac Artery
Definition
Goes to lower limbs
Term
Femoral Artery
Definition
Supplies thigh muscles
Term
Popliteal Artery
Definition
Supplies knee
Term
Anterior Tibial Artery
Definition
Supplies Crural Region
Term
Posterior Tibial Artery
Definition
Supplies sural region
Term
Systemic Veins: Differences in Artery and Vein distribution: Route to heart
Definition
1 artery leaves left ventricle, 3 veins enter right atrium.
Term
Systemic Veins: Differences in Artery and Vein distribution: Depth of location
Definition
Arteries are deep, veins are superficial.
Term
Systemic Veins: Differences in Artery and Vein distribution: Veins
Definition
Usually have several parallel veins rather than one large vein
Term
Systemic Veins: Differences in Artery and Vein distribution: 2 unusual venous drainage areas in body
Definition
Dural Sinuses, Hepatic Portal System
Term
Systemic Veins: List
Definition
Superior Vena Cava, Brachiocephalic veins, Internal Jugular, Subclavian, External Jugular
Term
Superior Vena Cava function
Definition
Receives blood from body regions superior to diaphragm (except heart).
Term
Superior Vena Cava is formed by...
Definition
Left and Right Brachiocephalic veins
Term
Brachiocephalic veins
Definition
Formed by Internal Jugular and Subclavian
Term
Internal Jugular
Definition
Receives blood from dural sinuses
Term
Subclavian
Definition
Receives blood from upper limb.
Term
External Jugular
Definition
Receives blood from scalp and parts of face
Term
Coronary Sinus
Definition
Drains blood that supplies heart muscle
Term
Inferior Vena Cava
Definition
Returns blood from all areas inferior to diaphragm.
Term
Inferior Vena Cava: Formed by
Definition
Union of common iliac veins
Term
Common Iliac veins
Definition
Returns blood from lower limbs
Term
Palmar arches
Definition
Receives blood from hands
Term
Upper limbs hand veins
Definition
Palmar Arches to Radial vein/Ulnar Vein to Brachial vein
Term
Upper limbs: Axial route
Definition
Axillary, Cephalic, Basilic, Subclavian
Term
Cephalic Vein
Definition
Joins Axillary Vein
Term
Basilic Vein
Definition
Joins Brachial vein at start of axillary vein
Term
Veins of lower limbs: List
Definition
Anterior Tibial, Posterior Tibial, Popliteal, Femoral, External Iliac, Internal Iliac, Common Iliac, Great Saphenous
Term
Anterior Tibial Vein
Definition
From dorsalis pedis
Term
Posterior tibial vein
Definition
From plantar arch
Term
Common Iliac Vein
Definition
Empties into inferior vena cava
Term
Great Saphenous Vein
Definition
Empties into femoral vein from medial lower leg
Term
Hemmorrhoids
Definition
Blood pooling in veins of anal canal
Term
Deep vein thrombosis
Definition
Clot formation in vein of lower extremity which travels and blocks the flow in another vessel.
Term
Varicose veins
Definition
Faulty venous valves cause blood pooling, common in obesity and pregnancy
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Sac-like widening of a vessel increasing risk of rupture, very dangerous in brain.
Term
Arteriosclerosis: Overview
Definition
Pathological thickening and loss of elasticity
Term
Medial Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Occurs with age, smooth muscle and elastin replaced with fibrous tissue.
Term
Atherosclerosis: Location
Definition
Occurs in tunica intima
Term
Atherosclerosis: Prevention
Definition
Best prevention is a low-fat diet and exercise
Term
Atherosclerosis: Mechanism
Definition
Initially caused by entrance of LDL into intimal layer which eventually causes plaque formation.
Term
Atherosclerosis: Result
Definition
Eventually thrombosis forms and can block arteries.
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