Term
| What is the size of the heart? |
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Definition
| about 14 cm long by 9 cm wide in adult -- approximately the size of a closed fist. |
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Term
| What is the location of the Heart? |
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Definition
| Located in - Mediastinum medial cavity in Thorax between lungs, sternum and vertebral column with approximately 2/3 to left of body's midline. |
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Term
| What is the name of the heart's flattened end to which major blood vessels are attached, beneath second rib, and pointing to right shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the medial cavity in Thorax between lungs, sternum and vertebral column with approximately 2/3 to left of body's midline. Where the Heart is located. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the heart's more pointed end; beneath space between 5th and 6th rib, and pointing to the left hip? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the loose fitting sac surrounding heart and composed of a fibrous outer layer and inner double-layered Serous Membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the tough, outer layer composed of Dense (Fibrous) Connective Tissue that protects and anchors heart to Diaphragm and large blood vessels joining heart, and prevents its overstretching |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Inner thin Serous Membrane composed of Parietal Layer fused to Fibrous Pericardium and Visceral Layer (Epicardium) attached to heart muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the space between Parietal and Visceral Layers of serous Pericardium that filled with lubricating Pericardial Fluid, secreted by cells of these membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Inflammation of pericardium that may result from too little pericardial fluid production and roughening of Serous Membranes. May lead to Pericardia adhering to each other, or accumulation of inflammatory fluid compressing heart |
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Definition
| Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade |
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Term
| Name the external layer the the heart composed of Simple Squamous Epithelium and delicate connective tissue containing blood and lymph capillaries |
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Definition
| Epicardium (Visceral Layer of Serous Pericardium) |
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Term
| Name the Middle layer of the heart consisting mainly of Cardiac Muscle Fibers arranged in circular or spiral bundles, and dense network of connective tissue that supports and anchors muscle fibers |
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Definition
| Myocardium or Fibrous Skeleton of Heart |
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Term
| What contains blood and lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers. Adjacent Cardiac Muscle Fibers connected by Intercalated Discs – transverse thickenings of Sarcolemma containing Gap Junctions that facilitate spread of APs among fibers allowing them to contract as single unit, and Desmosomes that help hold fibers together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the inner lining of heart made of Simple Squamous Epithelium (Endothelium) over thin with connective tissue layer containing blood and lymph capillaries, and continuous with Endothelium of blood vessels attached to heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 superior thin-walled heart chambers, each with small, wrinkled appendages |
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Definition
| Atria (Atrium – singular form) and the Auricles |
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Term
| Name the 2 inferior, thick walled heart chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the internal partition of the heart that separates Atria into Right Atrium and Left Atrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the grooves on anterior and posterior surface of heart, Respectively, that indicate position of Interventricular Septum. |
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Definition
| Anterior Interventricular Sulcus and Posterior Interventricular Sulcus |
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Term
| Name the surface groove including heart at junction between Atrial and Ventricles. |
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Definition
| Coronary (Atrioventricular) Sulcus |
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Term
| Short Trace of blood Thur heart |
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Definition
| Atria receive blood returning to heart via Veins, and pump it into Ventricles which pump blood out of heart to body via Arteries. |
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Term
| What are Heart Valves composed of ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Heart Valves covered by ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the Heart Valves do? |
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Definition
| prevents backflow of blood into heart chamber from which it came, thus keeping blood flowing in one direction through heart |
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Term
| What is composed of dense connective tissue covered by Endocardium and prevents backflow of blood into heart chamber from which it came, thus keeping blood flowing in one direction through heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What are between the Atria and Ventricles and their Ventricles that prevent backflow of blood into Atrial and Ventricles contract |
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Definition
| Atrioventricular AV Valves |
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Term
| Name the AV valve between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle that has three flaps (cusps) |
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Definition
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Term
| AV valve between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle that has two flaps (cusps). |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Collagen Cords attached to flaps of both Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valves that anchor Valve Flaps |
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Definition
| Chordae Tendinae – (heart strings) |
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Term
| Name the ANCHOR for the Collagen Cords attached to flaps of both Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valves that project out from Ventricle walls ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What holds the AV Valve flaps closed when Ventricles contract, not allowing AV Valve to protrude into Atrial and prevents backflow of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the part of the Heart that is in Arteries draining Ventricles that prevent blood back flow in Ventricles when Ventricles relaxed |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the SL Valve in -- Artery draining Right Ventricle. |
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Definition
| Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
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Term
| Name the Artery draining Right Ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| SL valve in Artery draining Left ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Artery draining Left ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of the heart have three pocket-like Flaps that are forced apart when Ventricles contract, and come together, (closing valve) when blood backflow fills flaps upon Ventricular Relaxation. |
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Definition
| Pulmonary and Aortic Semilunar valves |
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Term
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Definition
| Veins to Artery to Ventricles to Arteries |
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Term
| Right side of heart is associated with _____________________ – circulation of Deoxygenated (O2 poor) blood returned from body to lungs and of Oxygenated (O2 rich) blood from lungs to left side of heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Left side of heart associated with the ___________________- circulation of Oxygenated blood to rest of body, and of Deoxygenated blood from rest of body to right side of heart. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Right Atrium receive blood from ? |
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Definition
| Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava and the Coronary sinus |
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Term
| What major Vein drains the head, neck, and arms. |
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Definition
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Term
| What major Vein drains rest of body and legs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What Vein drains most of heart wall ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart contracts, pumping blood through open Tricuspid Valve into Right Ventricle. |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart closes as Right Ventricle contracts, forcing blood through open Pulmonary Semilunar Valve into Pulmonary Trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| What Arteries carry blood to Right and Left lungs |
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Definition
| Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries |
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Term
| What part of the heart receives blood from Right and Left Pulmonary Veins. Veins returning from Right Left lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart receives blood from Right and Left Pulmonary Veins. Veins returning from Right Left lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart receives blood from Right and Left Pulmonary Veins. Veins returning from Right Left lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two Arteries that branch off the Aorta just beyond Aortic Semilunar Valve and supply blood to heart tissue itself. |
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Definition
| Left Coronary Artery and Right Coronary Artery |
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Term
| Which Artery divides into these two Major branches the Anterior Interventricular Artery and the Circumflex Artery ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Branch of the Coronary Artery that runs along Interventricular Sulcus, and supplies anterior walls of both Ventricles and Interventricular Septum |
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Definition
Anterior Interventricular Artery
-it is one of two Major branches of Left Coronary Artery |
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Term
| Name the Branch of the Coronary Artery that runs along the Coronary Sulcus (Atrioventricular Sulcus) between Left Atrium and Left Ventricle, supplies the walls of the Left Atrium and posterior Left ventricle. |
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Definition
Circumflex Artery
-it is one of two Major branches of Left Coronary Artery |
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Term
| Which Artery runs along the Coronary Sulcus between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle and splits into two major branches |
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Definition
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Term
Name the Coronary Artery branch that runs along Posterior Interventricular
Sulcus, and supplies posterior walls of both Ventricles. |
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Definition
Posterior Interventricular Artery
-it is one of two Major branches of Right Coronary Artery |
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Term
| Name the Branch of the Coronary Artery that runs along Right Ventricle, and supplies lateral wall of Right Ventricle |
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Definition
Marginal Artery
-it is one of two Major branches of Right Coronary Artery |
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Term
| Name the Veins that drain blood from Capillary Beds in heart wall and into Coronary Sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Large Vein that carries blood into Right Atrium from the Cardiac Veins |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 2 Major Veins connecting to Coronary Sinus ? |
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Definition
| Great Cardiac Vein, and Middle Cardiac Vein, |
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Term
| Name the vein that runs along Anterior Interventricular Sulcus, and drains anterior part of heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the vein that runs along posterior Interventricular Sulcus and drains posterior portion of heat |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a condition that causes a reduction in blood flow, usually due to Blood clots, Atherosclerotic Plaques or Vascular Spasms (causes vasoconstriction)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the condition where inadequate O2 supply usually due to Ischemia.In heart if temporary may cause weakening, but not death, in Cardiac Muscle Fibers and often indicated by Angina Pectoris -chest pain due to Myocardial Ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call chest pain due to Myocardial Ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Angina Pectoris -chest pain usually due to |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the condition that results in the death of cardiac tissue from lack of blood supply by blockage or prolonged interruption of coronary arterial circulation. |
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Definition
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Heart attack |
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Term
| Cardiac muscle more adaptable than skeletal muscle in its use of fuel molecules. In addition to __________ and _______ _______, cardiac muscle can employ variety of nutrients, including _______ ________. |
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Definition
Glucose and fatty acids
Lactic Acid |
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Term
| Cardiac muscle generates ATP almost exclusively by ________ _________ ________, (as suggested by greater number of ___________ in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle). Cardiac muscle cannot operate efficiently on ___ _____. |
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Definition
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
O2 debt |
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Term
| Damage to cardiac muscle fibers as result of ________ ______ ______ is usually due to _____ of ___, not __________. Since cardiac muscle fibers are unable to _______, those that die are replaced by ___-_________ ______ _____ ________ _______ (resulting in a weakening of the heart). |
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Definition
inadequate blood supply lack of O2 nutrients divide non-contractile fibrous dense Connective Tissue |
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Term
| Name the Impulse generation and conduction system of the heart consisting of series of components |
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Definition
| Cardiac Conduction System or Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System |
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Term
| Name the noncontractile, self-excitable cells that repeatedly and rhythmically generate and distribute impulses of Action Potential (AP) throughout heart |
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Definition
| Autorythmic Cardiac Cells |
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Term
CNS stimulates the heart to beat.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates and coordinates contraction of heart chambers without any direct stimulus from Nervous System. |
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Definition
| Cardiac Conduction System |
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Term
| What are the Components of Cardiac Conduction System? |
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Definition
Sinoatrial Node (SA node),
Atrioventricular (AV) Node,
Atrioventricular AV bundle or Bundle of HIS,
Right and Left Bundle Branches, and
Purkinje Fibers (Conduction Myofibers)
(myofibers = muscle cell) |
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Term
| Name the mass of Cardiac Conduction Tissue in posterior wall of Right Atrium just inferior to entrance of Superior Vena Cava. |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial Node (SA node) |
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Term
| What is the heart’s natural Pacemaker |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the heart has fastest depolarization rate of all cardiac conduction of tissue, so it’s APs spread to other parts of Cardiac Conduction System before they able to generate APs at their own slower rate; thus it sets pace of heart. |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial Node (SA node) |
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Term
| What part of the heart spontaneously generates APs between 60-100 times per min, averaging about 75 per min |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial Node (SA node) |
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Term
| What is the name of that of SA node which determines heart rate APs generated by SA Node spread through cells of both Atria, stimulating them all to contract as single unit. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the mass of Cardiac Conduction Tissue located in inferior part of Interatrial Septum just superior to Tricuspid Valve that receives APs from SA Node, delays them briefly (due to smaller diameter of fibers here), and relays them on to Cardiac Conduction Tissue in Ventricles. This delay allows Atria to complete contraction before Ventricles contract. |
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Definition
| Atrioventricular (AV) Node |
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Term
| Name the tract of Cardiac Conduction Fibers in inferior part of Interventricular Septum that carries APs from AV Node into Interventricular septum. |
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Definition
| Atrioventricular AV bundle or Bundle of HIS |
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Term
| ___ _____ is the only electrical connection between Atria and Ventricles, since non-conducting fibrous skeleton of heart lies between and insulates Cardiac Muscle Fibers of Atria and Ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the divisions (branches) of AV bundle that carry APs through Interventricular Septum toward the Apex of Heart |
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Definition
| Right and Left Bundle Branches |
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Term
| What is the name of the network of large Cardiac Conduction Fibers that extend from Right and Left Bundle Branches, and carry APs to Cardiac Muscle Fibers in walls of Ventricles, stimulating them to contract nearly simultaneously as single unit. |
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Definition
Purkinje Fibers (Conduction Myofibers)
(myofibers = muscle cell) |
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Term
| _________ ________ stimulated and contract just before cardiac muscle fibers in lateral walls of ventricles (to hold flaps of Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valves in place). Contraction of ventricles begins at Apex of heart and moves rapidly toward Atria |
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Definition
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Term
| What can Defects of Cardiac Conduction System can cause? |
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Definition
Arrhythmia (Dysrhythmia),
Fibrillation-Ventricular Fibrillation, |
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Term
| What is an irregular heart rhythm called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a rapid uncoordinated Atrial or Ventricular contraction causing ineffective pumping action called. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is life threatening and requires Defibrillation -- electrically shocking of heart to depolarizes entire myocardium and restore Sinus Rhythm - condition named. |
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Definition
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