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111
History
11th Grade
01/21/2014
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Term
The Battle of Saratoga was a key victory for the Americans because it
 Definition
brought the colonists much needed aid and a formal alliance with France
Term
Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)fighting at Lexington, (B)convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C)publication of Common Sense, (D)adoption of the Declaration of Independence
 Definition
ABCD
Term
One purpose of the War was to
 Definition
explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted
Term
The Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 were notable accomplishments because they
 Definition
initiated a territorial policy that provided for the orderly creation of new states
Term
A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was that it lacked
 Definition
the authority to tax
Term
Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation
 Definition
it was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament
Term
The Newburgh Conspiracy was concerned with
 Definition
the use of the Continental Army to mutiny against the weak national government
Term
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect
 Definition
individual citizens from the power of the federal government and state government
Term
In their writing of the Constitution, the Founding Fathers were strongly influenced by ideas of an Englishman and a Frenchman. These were, respectively
 Definition
John Locke and Montesquieu
Term
The Great Compromise during the writing of the Constitution involved
 Definition
the respective powers of the House and Senate and representation in the Senate and the House
Term
France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by
 Definition
a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain
Term
The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to
 Definition
impose revenue taxes on the colonies
Term
The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to
 Definition
increase England's prosperity
Term
The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned
 Definition
Parliament representing the colonists as a whole
Term
Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion
 Definition
Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority
Term
The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all of following reasons EXCEPT
 Definition
the colonists demonstrated their willingness to use violence rather than legal means to frustrate British policy
Term
Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?
 Definition
French military and financial assistance
Term
The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to
 Definition
raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America
Term
The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT
 Definition
call for the abolition of the slave trade
Term
By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignity was located in
 Definition
the people
Term
The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of
 Definition
a system for orderly settlement of the West
Term
All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army Except
 Definition
Most soliders were draftees
Term
In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First Continental Congress
 Definition
approved a complete boycott of anything British which included nonimportation, nonconsumption, and nonexportation
Term
When the British Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, it
 Definition
resumed the policy of internal taxation that it had inagurated with the Stamp Act
Term
During the period between 1784 and 1789, the most important foreign policy problem facing the United States was
 Definition
Spanish control of the Mississipi River, New Orleans, and the Gulf Coast
Term
Accoridng to the provisions of the Articles of Confederation major pieces of legislation
 Definition
approval of nine states in congress, and amendment required unanimous approval of state legislatures
Term
Designed a s an attempt to secrure the loyalty of French to their new rulers, this act broke new ground in toleration and statesmanship. Unfortunately for the British, the Americans saw pnly sinister designs. The act was the
 Definition
Treaty of Paris, 1783
Term
Which was an official organization created by the First Continental rather than an unofficial organization that exerted pressure for political conformity in the years before the Revolutionary War began
 Definition
the Association
Term
The Intolerable Acts did all of the following except
 Definition
led Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence
Term
Why was there so much colonial opposition to the Tea Act of 1773
 Definition
the East India Company was a granted a monopoly control over the sale of tea in the colonies
Term
The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily
 Definition
northern merchants and southern planters
Term
The first Great Awakening was
 Definition
a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies
Term
France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary was motivated primarily by
 Definition
a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain
Term
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?
 Definition
it spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as Blacks displaced White indentured servants in the tobacco fields
Term
The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to
 Definition
impose revenue taxes on the colonies
Term
The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to
 Definition
the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country
Term
The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to
 Definition
increase England's prosperity
Term
Colonial cities functioned primarily as
 Definition
mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
Term
The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned
 Definition
Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests
Term
In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both
 Definition
were royal colonies
Term
According to J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur, American individualism arouse as a result of
 Definition
the absence of an aristocracy
Term
The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?
 Definition
set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachian beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle
Term
Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?
 Definition
she generally lost control of her property when she married
Term
The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain's policy of salutary neglect to
 Definition
work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries
Term
The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy known as
 Definition
mercantilism
Term
France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following
 Definition
the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga
Term
By the 1750's the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
a society without a hereditary aristocracy
Term
"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies" ---The before mentioned quote was made by
 Definition
Abigail Adams
Term
The Intolerable Acts, also called the Coercive Acts,
 Definition
led to the First Continental Congress
Term
In a letter to this British General __________, it was stated "even if the British defeated all the men in America, they would still have to contend with the women."
 Definition
Gen. Burgoyne
Term
Who is described in the following quote, "I cannot write it because I am obnoxious and disliked."
 Definition
Adams
Term
Who were the five members of the Declaration Committee?
 Definition
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Thomas Jefferson
Term
According to the Olive Branch Petition the colonies
 Definition
remained loyal to King George III
Term
The Declaration of Independence was based on the political philosophy of
 Definition
John Locke
Term
The British response to the American claim of "no taxation without representation" was
 Definition
to claim that Parliament recognized colonial concerns by virtual representation
Term
The Legend of Molly Pitcher revolved around what battle?
 Definition
Cowpens
Term
The principle of freedom of the press in colonial America was established by the
 Definition
Zenger trial
Term
In his pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that
 Definition
government should derive its authority from the consent of the governed
Term
Under the Navigation Acts, the enumerated articles were
 Definition
goods needed by England but not produced in England
Term
In 1775, the ___________ churches were the only two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America.
 Definition
Congregational and Anglican
Term
Which of the following became a symbol of colonial opposition to the king?
 Definition
tea
Term
Timothy Thayer was actually ____________.
 Definition
Deborah Sampson
Term
Which of the following has been called the female Paul Revere?
 Definition
Deborah Champion
Term
Pontiac's Rebellion was a reaction to
 Definition
the westward movement of English settlers
Term
The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of
 Definition
the Ohio River Valley
Term
Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because
 Definition
it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies.
Term
"Virtual" representation meant that
 Definition
almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament.
Term
When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775,
 Definition
there was no well defined sentiment for independence
Term
The fate of the Confederate leaders after 1865 was that:
 Definition
all were eventually pardoned.
Term
The Exodusters westward move to Kansas faltered when
 Definition
steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi.
Term
The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as
 Definition
a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance
Term
Andrew Johnson was made Lincoln's running mate in 1864 because:
 Definition
Johnson was a Democrat and a loyal unionist from a Southern state.
Term
In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised:
 Definition
rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
Term
President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction took away the right to vote from:
 Definition
Confederate leaders and wealthy planters.
Term
The incident that caused clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was:
 Definition
Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.
Term
The first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and thus be readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was:
 Definition
Tennessee.
Term
The 14th Amendment:
 Definition
guaranteed citizenship to freed slaves.
Term
In the 1866 congressional elections, voter endorsed:
 Definition
the congressional approach to Reconstruction.
Term
Both moderate and radical republicans agreed that:
 Definition
freed slaves must be granted the right to vote
Term
Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when:
 Definition
the last federal troops were removed in 1877.
Term
Congressional Reconstruction hoped to provied basic rights and protection for the former slaves in the South through
 Definition
the Military Reconstruction Act, Freedmen's Bureau Act, 14th Amendment, and Force Acts.
Term
Radical Republican leaders in Congress included:
 Definition
Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner and Hiram Revels.
Term
As part of their Reconstruction plan, radical Republicans originally expected to:
 Definition
secure civil rights for freed slaves; punish the planter aristocracy; restructure southern society; have President Johnson on their side; and use federal power to aid blacks.
Term
All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson:
 Definition
opposition to abusing the Constitutional system of checks and balances; concern about the person who would become President; fears of creating a destabilizing period; and Johnson's promise to stop obstucting Republican policies.
Term
In 1867 Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when:
 Definition
he purchased Alaska from Russia.
Term
He was a Federalist who served as the Chief Justice on the Supreme Court. He has the record for the longest time served. He helped shape the American Judicial system by setting the basis for constitutional ruling; and reiterating the fact that the Supreme Court should not be influenced by the President, as it is a separate system.
 Definition
John Marshall
Term
The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million (in gold) for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. Originally, James Madison was sent to Paris to negotiate a purchase of New Orleans and "West Florida" (Gulf coasts of Alabama and Mississippi). He was to pay $10 million just for these ports, but ended up getting almost the entire country for only $5 million more. It was an offer the US could not turn down, so Jefferson (unconstitutionally, without Congress's consent) goes through with the Purchase. The Senate still had to ratify the treaty under which the purchase was made. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and nearly tripled its size. The political motive was that more Republicans would settle in this area, and the Federalist knew this. Jefferson believed that the strength of the country lies in the "Yoemen Farmer." The Treaty for the this was ratified in 1803 when Republicans controlled Congress.
 Definition
Louisiana Purchase
Term
owned no slaves; majority of white southern people; goal was to be self sufficient on their own land; supposed to be well educated and "All American"
 Definition
Yeomen farmers
Term
Lead by Meriweather Lewis and William Clark (relative of George Rogers Clark); they go down the Ohio and Missouri hoping to find a waterway to the West Coast. They find the Rocky Mountains and go down the Columbia to the coast and go back again. This was the 1st "Great American Expedition."
 Definition
Exploration of the Louisiana Purchase
Term
Jefferson, as President, asks to repeal the Sedition Acts and the Whiskey Tax, proposes the Judiciary Act
 Definition
Domestic Policy
Term
Bill proposed by Jefferson forbidding the 16 Federalist Federal Court Judges proposed by Adams from taking their seats; and cuts funding to the Army and Navy (he didn't like the idea of a standing army). Surprisingly, it did not make a move against the National Bank (which he had been opposed to). He does what is best for the country, and continues to pay off the debt even though he did not agree with Hamilton's plan.
 Definition
Judiciary Act
Term
In Tunisia, Libya, and Morroco. They capture Mediterranean vessels and hold them for ransom or sell their crews into slavery. In 1804, Jefferson sends a naval squad to recapture American ships back from the Pirates. This was America's 1st military engagement as a country and the 1st use of the Marines. Outcome: we loose 1 ship, take some casualties, but in the end, not too shabby. The pirates are convinced to "steer clear" (haha litterally) of the US ships
 Definition
Barbary Pirates
Term
Jefferson runs again with Aaron Burr being dropped from the ticket. In his place is George Clinton. Burr leaves the Republican party and becomes a Federalist.
 Definition
Election of 1804
Term
was chosen over Burr to run for presidency alongside Jefferson; was a war vet from the north so he would be a popular vote for Jefferson to be president because Jefferson was from the south
 Definition
George Clinton
Term
The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard on board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology.
 Definition
Chesapeake Affair 1807
Term
proposed by Thomas Jefferson; it stopped the exports of all American goods and forbade American ships from sailing foreign ports (unenforcable). It had no impact on France or Britain, instead depression and unemployment swept America. It is repealed just before the election of 1808 by Jefferson.
 Definition
The Embargo Act
Term
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. They disliked the British strongly because they supplied Indians with weapons. Henry Clay was one.
 Definition
War Hawks
Term
the Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. The Vice President is now George Clinton. Madison had served as United States Secretary of State under incumbent Thomas Jefferson, and Pinckney had been the unsuccessful Federalist candidate in the election of 1804.
 Definition
Election of 1808
Term
Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain (because they were taking our ships and cargo). It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was repealed in 1810.
 Definition
Non-Intercourse Act 1809
Term
James Madison wins because the majority wanted a war with Britian (War Hawks) and did not want to change presidents in the middle of a war
 Definition
Election of 1812
Term
William Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canada, but weakened and disheartened the Indians of the Northwest.
 Definition
Battle of Thames
Term
A fort located in Baltimore, Maryland. It was best known for its role in the War of 1812 when the British failed to capture it to get to Baltimore, at which the "Star Spangled Banner" was written by Frances Scott Key.
 Definition
Ft. McHenry
Term
took place on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812 between the British Empire and the United States of America. British forces occupied Washington, D.C. and set fire to many public buildings (like the White House) following the American defeat at the Battle of Bladensburg.
 Definition
Burning of Washington
Term
1) Ended the War between Britain and the US
2) Provides for a comition to settle any further disputes
 Definition
Treaty of Ghent
Term
Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the British lost more men here than in the entire War combined; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S; this made Andrew Jackson a war hero
 Definition
Battle of New Orleans
Term
The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). He married a woman who was already technically married, which caused people to question her. If they did, he would challenge them to a dual and kill them (this happened twice). He was an Indian fighter, and was nicknamed "Old Hickory." He was the War Hero from the Battle of New Orleans. He is later orderd to go to Florida, where he engages the British, Indians, and the Spanish.
 Definition
Andrew Jackson
Term
Pirate on the Gulf Coast who helped Jackson defeat the British at the Battle of New Orleans
 Definition
Jean Lifitte
Term
Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet (Tenskawata) gathered many Indian tribes in a last attempt to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause of the War of 1812. Tecumseh then allies with Britian.
 Definition
Battle of Tippecanoe
Term
He was a British mechanic that moved to America and in 1791 invented the first American machine for spinning cotton. He is known as "the Father of the Factory System" and he started the idea of child labor in America's factories. His first factory was in Rhode Island, and cotton is becoming more popular than the more expensive wool.
 Definition
Samuel Slater
Term
Lawyer from Kentucky, but is more western than southern. He sees the corruption and slavery, but still owns slaves. He remained a Congressman (both Houses) for most of his life. He also helped negotiate the Missouri Compromise.
 Definition
Henry Clay
Term
The three-part plan developed by Henry Clay that stressed a strong banking system (a new National Bank), protective tariffs, and an improved network of roads and canals. Clay's plan was essential in developing a profitable home market. This home market enabled America to become a self-sufficient, isolated country.
 Definition
"The American System"
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