amputation or excision of any part of the body

removal of a growth or harmful substance

abnormal condition characterized by the inability of a muscle, particularly the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, to relax

abnormal condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS

acquired condition that impairs the body's ability to fight infection

the end stage of the continuum of HIV infection, in which the infected person has a CD₄⁺ (lymphocyte) count of 200 cells/mm³ or fewer

the movement of materials across the membrane of a cell by means of chemical activity, which allows the cell to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be able to enter

acute rhinitis, also known as the common cold

an inflammatory condition of the muccous membrane of the nose & accessory sinuses

protection that provides a specific reaction to each invading antigen & has the unique ability to remember the antigen that caused the attack

following a prescribed regimen of therapy or treatment for the disease

abnormal sounds superimposed on breath sounds

total or partial loss of the ability to recognize the familiar objects or people through sensory stimuli

results from organic brain damage

an abnormal cirulatory condition in which air travels through the bloodstream & becomes lodged in a blood vessel

a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body but is not necessarily inherently harmful

loss of hair resulting from destruction of hair folicles

absence of menstrual flow

severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encounted antigen

severe, generalized edema

surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other

the study, classification, & description of structures & organs of the body

blood disorder characterized by RBC's, hemoglobin, & hematocrit levels below normal range

absence of sensation

a localized dialation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually caused by artherosclerosis, hypertension, & less commonly by a congenital weakness in a vessel wall

paroxsysmal thoracic pain & choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen (anoxia) of the myocardium

fixation of a joint, often in an abnormal position, usually resulting from destruction of articular cartilage & subchondral bone

a substance recognized by the body as foreign that can trigger an immune response

urine out put less than 100 - 250 ml in 24 hrs

abnormal neurological condition in which language function is defective or absent because of an injury to certain areas of the cerbral cortex

in hetatology, a failure of the normal process of cell generation & development

impairment of the inability to perform purposeful acts

inability to use objects properly

common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, & calcification of arterial walls, resulting in decrease blood supply

puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw fluid

performed to obtain synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes

surgical fusion of a joint

surgical repair or refashioning of one or both sides, parts, or specific tissues within a joint

an accumulation of fluid & albumin in the peritoneal cavity

hand-flapping tremor usually induced by extending the arm & dorsoflexing the wrist

frequently seen in hepatic coma

general feeling of tiredness & listlessness

defect in the curvature of the eyball surface

abnormal condition characterized by impaired ability to coordinate movement

collapse of lung tissues, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxcide & oxygen

a common arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, & cellular debris in the inner layer of the walls of large & medium-sized arteries

the process of weakening the degree of virulence of a disease organism

testing of hearing acuity

sensation, as of light or warmth, that may preced the onset of a migraine or an epileptic seizure

An epileptic "one" may be psychic, or it may be sensory with olfactory, visual, audtory, or taste hallucinations.

surgical transplantation of any tissue from one part of the body to another location in the same individual

autoimmune /

autoimmunity

immune response (autoantibodies or cellular immune response) to one's own tissues

something that has its origin within an individual, especially a factor present in tissues or fluids

retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood

presence of bacteria in the urine

not recurrent or progressive

opposite of malignant

the removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or another part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimate a prognosis, or follow the course of a disease

bipolar hip replacement

hemiarthroplasty

prosthetic implant used to replace the femoral head & neck in hip fractures when the vascular supply to the femoral head is or may become compromised

a test of the capillary refill

means to cause to become pale by applying digital pressure

slow rhythm characterized by a pulse rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute

an abnormal condition characterized by slowness of voluntary movements & speech

visual examination of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi using a standard rigid, tubular metal bronchoscpe or a narrower, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope

B-type natriuretic peptide

BNP

a neurophormone secreted by te heart in response to ventricular expansion

general ill health & malnutrition marked by weakness & emanciation

usually associated with a serious disease such as cancer

bony deposites formed between & around the broken ends of a fractured bone during healing

mild fungal infection that appears in men & women

usually caused by Candida albicans & C. tropicals

carcinoembryonic antigen

CEA

oncofetal glycoprotein antigen found in colonic adenocarcinoma & other cancers

also found in nonmalignant conditions

substance known to increase the risk for the development of cancer

various factors that are possible origins of cancer

the term used for a malignant tumor commposed of epithelial cells

it displays a tendency to metastasize

preinvasive, asymptomatic carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopic examination of the cervical cells

sudden cessation of functional circulation

restoration of the heart's normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two metal paddles placed on the patient's chest

breakdown or destructive phase of metabolism

occurs when complex body substances are broke down to simpler ones

opposite of anabolism

opacity or clouding of the lens

a type of WBC

a protein on the surface of cells that normally helps the body's immune system combat disease

the funadmental unit of all living tissue

acquired immunity characterized by the dominant role of small T lymphocytes

also called cellmediated immunity

centers of disease control & prevention

CDC

federal agency that provides facilities & services for investigation, identification, prevention, & control of disease

headquarted in Atlanta, Georgia

painless erosion of a papule that ulcerates superficially with a scooped-out appearance

a gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes several sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

abnormal spasm of the facial muscles elicited by light taps on the facial nerve in patient's who are hypocalcimic

seen in tetany

surgical procedure in which a part of the foreskin is removed, leaving the glans penis uncovered

phase of the aging process marking the transition from the reproductive phase to the nonreproductive stage of life

a fracture of the distal portion of the radius within 1 inch of the joint of the wrist

surgical correctionof the cystocele & rectocele by shortening the muscles that support the bladder & repair the rectocele

examination of the cervix & vagina using a colposcope

pathologic condition caused by progressive development of arterial compression & reduced blood supply to an extremity

Increased pressure from external devices (casts, bulky dressings) causes decreased blood flow, resulting in ischemic tissue neurosis

most often occurs in the extremities

inflammation of the conjuntiva

administration of CNS depressant drugs &/or analgesia to relieve anxiety &/or provide amnesia during surgical, diagnostic, or interventional procedures

abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion & fixation & cause by atrophy & shortening of muscle fibers

coronary artery disease

CAD

variety of conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries

abnormal cardiac condition characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation

acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose & accessory sinuses, usually accompanied by edema of the mucousa & nasal discharge

pertaining to a rib & vertebra

one of two angles that outline a space over the kidneys

- short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling adventitious breath sounds heard on ascultation of the chest, most commonly upon inspiration

- They are produced by passages of air through the bronchi that contain secretions of exudate or are constricted by spasms or thickening

- usually heard during inspiration

- formerly called rales

sound that resembles the crackling noise when rubbing hair between the fingers or throwing salt on an open fire

it is associated with gas gangrene, the rubbing of bone fragments, or the crackles of a consolidated area of the lung in pneumonia

procedure to "freeze" the border o a retinal hole with a frozen tipped-probe

a procedure in which a topical anesthetic is used so that a cryoprobe can be placed directly on the surface of the eye

failure of testes to descend into the scrotum

diagnostic procedure that provides visualization of the uterus & adnexa (uterine appendages that include the ovaries & fallopian tubes)

scaping of material from the wall of a cavity or other surface

performed to remove tumors or other abnormal abnormal tissue for microscopic study

duodeneal ulcer that develops 8 - 14 days after severe burns on the surface of the body

the first sign is usually vomiting bright red blood

slightly bluish, gray, slatelike, or dark perple discoloration of the skin resulting from the pressence of abnormally reduced amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood

cytology /

cytologic evaluation

study of cells & their formation, orgin, structure, biochemical activities, & pathology

"living matter"

a substance than exists only in cells, composed largely of a gel-like substance that contains water, minerals, enzymes, & other specialized materials

removal of damaged cellular tissue from a wound or burn to prevent infection & promote healing

deep brain stimulation

DBS

involves placing an electrode in either the thalamus, globus pallidus, or subthalamic nucleus & connecting it to a generator placed in the upper chest (like a pacemaker)

the termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the precordium

partial or complete separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure

branching process that extends from the cell body of a neuron & receives impulses

diabetes mellitus

DM

see type 1 DM

type 2 DM

medical procedure for the removal of certain elementsfrom the blood or lymph by virtue of the differencein their ratesof diffusion through an external semipermeable membrane or, in the case of peritoneal ________, through the peritoneum

describes a tumor that is most like the parent tissue

a process in which solid particles in a fluid move from a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

double vision

disseminated intravascular coagulation

DIC

acquired hemorrhage syndrome of clotting, casscade overstimulation, & anticlotting processes

secretion & passage of large amounts of urine

toward the back

free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity by some sort of system (such as a urinary catheter or T-tube)

difficult, poorly articulated speech resulting from interference in the control over the muscle of speech

painful menstruation

difficult swallowing

shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing

may be caused by disturbances in the lungs, certain heart conditions, & hemoglobin deficiency

any disturbance or abnormality in a normal rhythmic pattern, specifically irregularity in the normal rhythm of the heart

also called arrhythmia

painful or difficult urination

an abnormal circulatory condition in which an embolus (ex: a foreign substance, blood clot, fat, air, or amniotic fluid) travels through the bloodstream & becomes lodged in a blood vessel

a foreign object, quantity of air or gas, bit of tissue or tumor, or a piece of thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream & becomes lodged in a vessel

accumulation of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural spaces, as a result of infection

surgical removal of the intimal lining of an artery

physician who specializes in endocrinology

condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus

surgical removal of the eyeball

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ELISA

antibody test that uses a rapid enzyme immunochemical assay method to detect HIV antibodies

infection of the cordlike excretory duct of the testicles

hemorrhage from the nose

nosebleed

abnormal increase in the number of circulating RBCs

the process of RBC production

black, leathery crust

a slough that the body forms over burned tissue

a complex of longitudinal, tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus

protrusion of an internal organ through a disrupted wound or surgical incision

an increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder

marked by greater intensity in the signs or symptoms of the patient being treated

injury to the surface layer of skin caused by scratching or abrasion

an abnormal condition characterized by a marked protrusion of the eyeballs

the escape of fluids into surrounding tissue

caused by external factors

to remove an endotracheal tube from an airway

fluid, cells, or other substances that have been slowly discharged from the body cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in the cell membrane