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ADSC 2010 Test 2
Animal Science Quiz 2 Fall 2016
254
Agriculture
Undergraduate 2
09/21/2016

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Cards

Term
MAP
Definition
[image]
Term
High Ox
Definition

High Partial Pressure of Oxygen in packaging

Type of MAP packaging

Term
Low Ox
Definition

Low Partial Pressure of Oxygen

Type of MAP packaging

Has more Nitrogen

Term
Types of Packaging for Meats
Definition
Retail overwrap, MAP, vacuum
Term
Composition of Lean Meat
Definition

Water-70%

Protein-20%

Fat-8%

Ash-1%

Vitamins and Carbs-less than 1%

Term
Vitamin that meat is a good source of
Definition
B vitamins
Term
Relationship to protien and water to fat in animals
Definition
As fat increases, water and protein decrease
Term
Types of Muscle
Definition
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Term
Skeletal muscles are
Definition
Voluntary and attatched to the skeleton
Term
Smooth Muscles
Definition
GI tract, Circulatory tract, and reproductive tract
Term
Skeletal and Cardiac muscles are..
Definition

Striated

[image]

Term
Most abundant in composition of lean meats
Definition
Water-70%
Term
Protein is ____ in composition of lean meats at ____%
Definition
Second, 20
Term
3 classes of muscle proteins
Definition
Sarcoplasmic, Myofibrillar, Stromal
Term
Types of sarcoplasmic proteins
Definition
Myoglobin, hemoglobin, cytochromes
Term
Myoglobin definition
Definition
Major meat pigment and exists in 3 forms
Term
Types of Myoglobin
Definition
Oxymyoglobin, deoxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin
Term
Main parts of myoglobin
Definition

1. Hemering

2. Globin

Term
Factors that determine meat color
Definition

Chemical State of Iron (Fe)

Compound bound to myoglobin's R site

Term
Hemering
Definition

Heme-Iron

[image]

Term
Oxymyoglobin traits
Definition

Red

Fe2+

Oxygen bound to R site

Typical "good" meat to consumer

[image]

Term
Deoxymyoglobin traits
Definition

Purple

Fe2+

H2O bound to R site

Healthy, good meat, but has been deoxygenized to preserve it for longer

[image]

Term
Metmyoglobin Traits
Definition

Brown

Fe3+

Still good, but close to expiration date

Most consumers don't buy

[image]

Term
Cured Meats
Definition

Nitrite reacts to form a pinkish color

 

Term
Sarcoplasmic Proteins are ______ soluble
Definition
Water
Term
Myofribrillar proteins are _____ soluble
Definition
salt
Term
Myofibrillar proteins:
Definition
Actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin
Term
Actin and Myosin are ______ proteins
Definition
contractile (what allows you to move when your muscles contract)
Term
Actin and Myosin make up about ____% of Myofibrillar proteins
Definition
75
Term
Regulatory Proteins
Definition
Troponin and Tropomyosin
Term
Stromal Proteins are _____ soluble
Definition
Acid
Term

List of proteins in terms of solubility

(Most-Least)

Definition
Sarcoplasmic, Myofibrillar, Stromal
Term
Main stromal protein
Definition
Collagen
Term
This protein makes up 25-30% of animal weight
Definition
Collagen
Term
Collagen characteristics
Definition

White

High tensile strength (strong when stretched)

Highly ordered and complex

 

Term
How much collagen is eaten?
Definition
A lot!
Term
Elastin characteristics
Definition

Yellow

Very Strong

Mainly found in tendons and ligaments

Also in reproductive tract, abdominal wall and blood vessels

Term
About ____% of dietary energy from meat comes from fat
Definition
50
Term
How digestible is animal fat?
Definition
Highly at about 97% digestible
Term
Where does meat flavor come from?
Definition
the carbonyl compounds in fat
Term
Why different species taste different
Definition
they have different carbonyl compounds in their fat
Term
Is animal fat more or less saturated than plant fat?
Definition
More
Term
Fat characteristics
Definition
solid at room temperature
Term
Saturation levels
Definition
Pork is less saturated than beef which is less saturated than lamb
Term
In Monogastrics dietary fat can influence the saturation of carcass fat leading to..
Definition
Soft and oily carcasses
Term
Energy gained from fat
Definition
9 kcal/g
Term
Energy gained from protein
Definition
4kcal/g
Term
Nutrients provided in a 3oz. serving of meat
Definition

10% of Reccomended daily amount of calories

40% RDA of protein

16% RDA of Iron

35% RDA of Zinc

40% RDA of B Vitamins

Term
Meat is a poor source of...
Definition

Fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Ca and Mg

Vitamin C

 

Term
Factors Affecting Consumer Acceptability
Definition

1. TENDERNESS--most important factor

2. Juciness

3. Flavor and Aroma

4. Appearance

5. Price

Term
Factors affecting tenderness
Definition

1. Myofibrillar effect

2. Connective tissues

3. Marbling

Term

The myofibrillar effect concerns ______ proteins

 

Definition
Contractile(Actin and Myosin)
Term
What causes toughening?
Definition
Contraction due to rigor
Term
What is rigor?
Definition
Stiffening due to muscle death
Term
______ causes increased tenderness
Definition
Aging after harvest
Term
___________________ breakdown proteins and loosens structures
Definition
Muscle enzymes (calpain enzymes)
Term
Amount of aging to optimize tenderness
Definition
14-21 days
Term
Main connective tissue
Definition
Collagen
Term
relationship between conective tissues and locomotor muscles
Definition
the more connective tissues you have, the more locomotor muscles you have
Term
Relationship between animal age and solubility of connective tissues
Definition
As the animal ages, their connective tissues become less soluble
Term
Protein turnover
Definition
the process of muscles continually being broken down and rebuilt
Term
Why marbling is important for consumer acceptability
Definition
Marbling allows for lubrication and dilution
Term
Lubrication
Definition
Fat stimulates salivation which eases chewing
Term
Dilution
Definition
Fat dilutes the negative myofibrillar and connective tissue effects on tenderness
Term
Methods for improving tenderness
Definition

1. Electrical Stimulation (between 60-500V)

2. Aging

3. Marinating

4.Tenderizers

5. Proper cooking

Term
Benefits of Electrical Stimulation
Definition

1. Speeds rigor formation

2. Blocks cold shortening

3. Causes pH decline

4. Physical disruption

Term
Aging
Definition

the structural breakdown by muscle enzymes 

Occurs at fridge temperatures

Term
Marinating
Definition
Using acid solutions to solubilize connective tissues
Term
Tenderizers
Definition

papain (papaya)

ficin (fig)

bromelin (pineapple)

CaCl2

NaCl

PO4

Term
Mechanical tenderization
Definition
Needle or blades that puncture the meat
Term
Proper cooking
Definition
low temperatures and long times solubilizes collagen
Term
Factors that impact juciness
Definition

Marbling

Cooking Method

Added Moisture

Term
Rapid heat (searing or broiling) _____________ moisture so that you can't _______________ when eating
Definition
seals in, geet it out
Term
Factors that impact flavor and aroma
Definition

Protein--gives meaty flavor (nitrogenous compounds)

Fat--gives species flavor (carbonyl compounds)

Term
Factors influencing appearance
Definition

1. Color

2. pH related problems

Term
2 Types of pH related problems
Definition

DFD (dark, firm, dry)

PSE (pale, soft, exudative)

Term
Normal pH of meat
Definition
5.6
Term
DFD
Definition

Dark, firm, dry

Predominately in beef

high pH (over 6)

results from long term stress

muscles have low glycogen at slaughter

Term
PSE
Definition

Pale, soft, exudative

Predominately in pork

Low pH (less than 5.4)

Meat will be lighter and juices will run out

Short term stress prior to slaughter

Term
Price
Definition
Chicken typically costs less than beef
Term
Factors that determine value
Definition

1. Carcass weight

2. Carcass category or grade

Term
Carcass weight factors
Definition

1. Dressing percentage

 

Term
Dressing percentage
Definition
hot carcass weight/live weight * 100
Term
General Dressing Percentage for Pork
Definition
LW-280/HCW-196=70%
Term
General Dressing Percentage for Beef
Definition
LW-1250/HCW-750=60%
Term
General Dressing Percentage for Sheep
Definition
LW-140/HCW-70=50%
Term
How Beef is Evaluated
Definition
Yield grade and quailty grade
Term
Two Types of Beef Grades
Definition
Yield grade and Quality grade
Term
Yield Grade for beef
Definition
On a scale of 1-5
the % boneless, closely-trimer retail product from the chuck, round, rib, and loin
Term
Unit 12th rib backfat is measured in
Definition
inches
Term
Unit ribeye area is measure in
Definition
inches squared
Term
Unit kidney, pelvic and heart fat is measured in
Definition
% of carcass weigh
Term
Quality grade for beef
Definition
Can be Prime, choice, select, or standard.
Measured by maturity and marbling score
Term
Maturity
Definition
bone size, shape, and ossification
When a cow gets over 30 months, its harder to classify them as choice
Term
Ossification
Definition
when cartilage turns into bone
Term
Marbling score
Definition
intramuscular fat content
Term
How pork is evaluated
Definition
on uncut carcass
Term
Quality grade for pork
Definition
Acceptable vs Unacceptable
Term
What constitutes unacceptability in pork
Definition
PSE, soft and oily, thin belly
Term
Yield grade for pork
Definition
yield of the four lean cuts
ham, loin, boston butt, picnic shoulder
Term
How lamb is evaulated
Definition
Yield and Quality
Term
Flank streaking
Definition
intramuscular fat content
Term
Yield grade for lamb
Definition
1-5
Measured by % closely-trimmed retail product from leg should rack and loin
Term
Quality Grade
Definition
Prime, Choice, Good, Utility, Cull
Based on maturity, flank streaking, conformation, flank firmness
Term
Maturity for sheep
Definition
Based on presence of a break joint on fore shank
Term
Flank Steaking for sheep
Definition
intramuscular fat content
Term
Conformation
Definition
carcass thickness in relation to length
Term
Animal Nutrition
Definition
The study of feedstuffs and their efficient utilization by livestock in producing animal products
Term
Animal Products that constitute the study of feedstuffs
Definition
Meat, milk, wool, work
Term
Feed costs are _____________ cost in the livestock industry at __________%
Definition
largest production, 60-75%
Term
Nutrient definition
Definition
a feed constituent (chemical substance_ that is absorbed from the digestive tract and is metabolized by the body to support life
Term
Six classes of nutrients
Definition
Water, Fats, Vitamins, Carbs, Protein, Minerals
Term
Essential Nutrients
Definition
Nutrients that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied through diet
Term
Water weight
Definition
70-75% of body weight
Term
Water Functions
Definition
Transportation
Media for metabolic reactions
gives cells shape
thermoregulation
lubricant
Term
Average daily consumption of water
Definition
Swine- 1.5-3gal/day
Cattle-10-14gal/day
Horse-10-14gal/day
Sheep-1-3gal/day
Term
Older and fatter animals have ___________ % water in their body
Definition
smaller
Term
Carbohydrates (C,H.&O) primary function
Definition
provide energy
Term
How to measure energy content
Definition
Calories
Kilocal
Megacal
Term
Calorie definition
Definition
Heat required to raise the temperature of 1g water from 14C-15C
Term
Classifications of CHO
Definition
Monosaccharides (simple sugars with 5-6 C)
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Term
Common Monosaccharides
Definition
Glucose (Glu-6C)
Fructose (Fru-6C)
Galactose (Gal-6C)
Ribose/Deoxyribose(5C)
Term
Common Disaccharides
Definition
Sucrose (Glu+Fru)
Lactose (Glu+Gal)
Maltose (Glu+Glu)
Term
Common Polysaccharides
Definition
Starch (Glu)n
Glycogen
Celluose (Glu)n
Hemicellulose
Lignin---INDIGESTIBLE!
Term
Characteristics of Starch
Definition
a 1-2 linkage
Broken down by amalase
Energy stored in plants
Primarily in concentrates
Term
Concentrates
Definition
high energy, low fiber feedstuffs
Term
Characteristics of Glycogen
Definition
Animal starch
Stored in liver and muscle
Term
Characteristics of cellulose
Definition
B 1-4 linkage
Broken down by cellulase
Found in plant cell wall
lowly digestible
primarily in roughages
Term
Roughages
Definition
high fiber, low energy feed stuff that is lowly digestible
Term
Ruminants have __________________ that break down cellulose
Definition
micro-organisms
Term
Functions of CHO
Definition
Energy source
Fiber Content
Term
Energy in CHOs
Definition
4.2Kcal/g
50-70% of dry matter may be CHOs
Term
Fiber content in CHOs
Definition
Laxative effect from Cellulose, Hemicellulose and lignin
Maintains healthy lining and muscle tone of digestive tract
Term
How to calculate crude protein (CP)
Definition
%N x 6.25= crude protein
Term
Essential Amino Acids
Definition
Methionine Arginine Threonine Tryptophan Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Valine Phenylalanine
Term
How protein quality is determined
Definition
by the ability of the animal to digest and utilize the protein
Term
Energy gained from protein
Definition
about 4kcal/g
Term
Fat soluble Vitamins
Definition
ADEK
Term
Fat soluble vitamins that ruminants need
Definition
ADE
Term
Vitamins that monogastrics need
Definition
all
Term
How to calculate % Crude Protein
Definition
% Nitrogen * 6.25
Term
Non-Protein Nitrogen examples
Definition
Urea or Uric Acid
Term
Mammals cannot use ___________ Nitrogen, but microorganisms in the rumen can
Definition
Non-Protein
Term
Vitamins
Definition
large, organic molecules needed in small amounts by animals
Term
Functions of Vitamins
Definition
Metabolism & Absorbtion and digestion
Term
Vitamin D helps with _____ and ______ absorbtion
Definition
Calcium and Phosphorous
Term
Vitamin B helps with ______ digestion
Definition
protein
Term
Role of Vitamin A
Definition
important in maintaining body linings
Term
Role of Vitamin K
Definition
blood clotting
Term
Role of Vitamin E
Definition
Prevents "white muscle disease"
Term
Role of Vitamin D
Definition
bone metabolism
Term
Minerals
Definition
chemical elements other than C,H,O, and N needed for metabolism
Term
Categories of minerals
Definition
Macro & Micro (Trace)
Term
Macro minerals
Definition
Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, S
Term
Micro (Trace) minerals
Definition
Cr, Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Zn, F, Mb, Se
Term
Functions of minerals
Definition
Structure, Metabolism, Fluid Balance, Helps form another compound, Nerve & Muscle function
Term
Minerals that help with structure & bone growth
Definition
Calcium and Phosphorous
Term
Minerals that help with Metabolism
Definition
Zinc helps with cofactors or coenzymes
Phosphorous helps with energy storage
Term
Minerals that help with fluid balance
Definition
Sodium, Potassium, and Chlorine help with osmotic pressure
Term
Minerals that help form other compounds
Definition
Cobalt helps form b12
Iodine helps the thyroid function
Iron helps form hemoglobin and myoglobin
Term
Minerals that help with nerve and muscle function
Definition
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine
Term
Concentrates are high in _____ and low in ______
Definition
high in energy & low in fiber
Term
Types of cereal grains (seeds)
Definition
Corn, Oats, Barley Rye, Triticale, Sorghum, Wheat
Term
Cereal Grains nutritional value
Definition
Excellent source of energy
Moderate to low in protein
Poor Ca and Vitamin A source
Moderate source of P
Term
Oilseeds (crop & meal)
Definition
Soybean
Cottonseed
Linseed
Term
Oilseeds nutritional value
Definition
OUTSTANDING source of protein
Good source of energy and P
Fair to low in Ca
Poor source of Vitamin A
Term
By products found in concentrates
Definition
Dried beet/citrus pulp
Molasses
Dried bakers waste
Whey products
Animal fat
Chicken littler
Term
General composition of concentrates
Definition
cereal grains
oilseeds
by-products
Term
Roughages are high in ______ and low in ______
Definition
high in fiber, low in energy
Term
General composition of roughages
Definition
legumes
grasses
Term
Types of legumes
Definition
clover
alfalfa
Term
legumes are _______ fixing
Definition
nitrogen
Term
nutritional value of legumes
Definition
high in protein
moderate to low in energy
good source of Ca and Vitamin A
moderate source of P
Term
Types of grasses
Definition
Bermudagrass
Bahiagrass
Fescue
Term
Nutritional value of grasses
Definition
low energy
moderate to low in protein
good source of Ca and Vitamin A
Moderate to low in P
Term
Forms of Roughages
Definition
Pasture
Hay
Silage and Haylage
Term
Pasture roughages
Definition
feed is harvested by the animal
Term
Hay roughages
Definition
roughages is cut, air-dried, baled, and stored
Term
Silage and Haylage
Definition
roughage is cut and store wet to cause fermentation
fermentation causes pH reduction that results in preservation of roughage
Term
Proximate analysis of feedstuffs
Definition
Feed as fed 100%
Term
Feed component can be separated in to
Definition
moisture (12%) and dry matter (88%) by heating it at 100C for 4hr
Term
The dry matter component can be separated into
Definition
Ash (5%) and Organic matter (83%) by heating it at 600C for 4-6hr
Term
Organic matter can be separated into
Definition
Protein (13%) and Non N Material (70%) by using a Nitrogen analyzer
Term
Non Nitrogen Material can be separated into
Definition
Fat (4%) and Carbs (66%) using an ether extraction
Term
Carbs can be separated into
Definition
Fiber (10%) and Nitrogen Free Extract (56%) using A/B extracts
Term
NFE examples
Definition
Starch, monosaccharides
Term
Fiber examples
Definition
Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and lignen
Term
Digestibility
Definition
the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed in the digestive tract
Term
Formula for digestibility
Definition
nutrient in feed-nutrient in feces/nutrient in feed *100%
Term
_____________ contribute to the energy content
Definition
carbs, fat, and protein
Term
Methods to estimate energy content of feeds
Definition
TDN & ME and NE
Term
TDN
Definition
measured as %
based on the proximate analysis and digestibility measures for feed
Term
Formula for TDN
Definition
% digestible protein + (% digestible fat * 2.25) + % digestible crude fiber + % digestible NFE
Term
Factors influencing TDN
Definition
Dry matter content, nutrient digestibility, ash content, fat content
Term
Fators causing TDN to rise
Definition
Dry matter content, nutrient digestibility, fat content (exponentially)
Term
Factors causing TDN to fall
Definition
Ash content
Term
Monogastrics
Definition
simple stomached animals usually with an acid environment
Term
Examples of monogastrics
Definition
Pig, Horse, Chicken, Human
Term
Mouth of monogastric functions
Definition
chewing (physical breakdown)
salivation
Term
Components of salivation
Definition
adds moisture to food
lubricates with mucin (a polysaccharide)
source of enzymes
source of bicarbonate salts
Term
enzymes found in monogastric saliva
Definition
amylase which breaks down alpha 1-4 linkages in starch
a horse does not have amylase
Term
bicarbonate salts in the monogastric saliva and its function
Definition
HCO4
it is a pH buffer and keeps the esophagus from being damaged
Term
Mongastric digestive system
Definition
[image]
Term
Function of monogastric esophagus
Definition
passageway for food from mouth to stomach
Term
Function of monogastric stomach
Definition
storage and digestion of food. Muscle contractions cause physical breakdown
where starch & lipid digestion starts
contracts & grinds to allow better digestion
has HCl which lowers pH of stomach, kills most bacteria & activates enzymes pepsin & renin
Term
How pepsin is formulated
Definition
pepsinogen + HCl= pepsin
Term
Enzymes found in the monogastric stomach
Definition
Pepsin (protein degradation)
Rennin (coagulates milk)
Lipase (activity in limited amounts)
Term
Name of food once it has passed through the stomach
Definition
Chyme
Term
Function of monogastric small intestine
Definition
main point of digestion & absorption
Term
Sections of the monogastric small intestine
Definition
duodenum-1st
jejunum-middle
ileum-end
Term
Digestion in the small intestines turns polypeptides into ______, starches (or glucose) into _________, and lipids into ________
Definition
amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids
Term
Digestive organs associated with the monogastric small intestine
Definition
gall bladder & pancreas
Term
Function of monogastric gall bladder
Definition
secretes bile that is produced in the liver
Term
Bile function
Definition
to encapsulate and degrade fats
Term
Function of monogastric pancreas
Definition
secretes enzymes into the duodenum to breakdown macromolecules
also secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar
Term
Do horses have gall bladders?
Definition
no
Term
The monogastric salivary gland produces the enzyme _______
Definition
amylase
Term
The monogastric liver produces _____ which is secreted by the gallbladder into the duodenum
Definition
bile
Term
the monogastric stomach produces _______ (acid), _________, _____, and ________
Definition
HCl, rennin, pepsin, lipase
Term
the monogastric pancreas produces _____, _______, _______, ______, and _______
Definition
amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and carboxypeptidase
Term
the monogsatric duodenum produces _____, _____, _____, ____, _____
Definition
maltase, lactase, sucrase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase
Term
Random Mating
Definition
no selection
Term
Inbreeding
Definition
mating of animals that are more closely related than the average population. Results in reduction of variation
Term
Line breeding
Definition
concentrates on the genotype of one superior animal
Example: sire mating to granddaughter
Term
Inbreeding depression
Definition
reduction of genetic variability and thus reduced vigor and fertility
Term
Outbreeding
Definition
also called outcrossing or outbreeding. mating of animals that are less closely related than the average of the population. This is mainly seen in crossbreeds, but can be seen by bringing other animals into the herd.
Term
Calculating heterosis
Definition
Example: Duroc Boar gains 2.4lbs/day mated with a Yorkshire sow that gains 1.8 lbs/day and results in a crossbreed that gains 2.3 lbs/day.

avg of parents=2.1
2.3-2.1=.2 which is heterosis
.2/2.1*100=9.5 which is % heterosis
Term
High heritability results in _______ heterosis. Example: _______
Definition
Low. Carcass weight
Term
Medium heritability results in ______ heterosis. Example: _______
Definition
Medium. Growth rates
Term
Low heritability results in ______ heterosis. Example: _______
Definition
High. Reproduction
Term
Crossbreeding systems
Definition
two breed terminal
two breed rotational
three breed rotational
three breed rota-terminal
Term
Mating systems provide a
Definition
organized manner of mating the "selected" animals
Term
Two breed terminal
Definition
takes pure bred sire & pure bred dam. All progeny go to market.
Term
Advantages to two breed terminal
Definition
simple & it maximizes heterosis at 100%
Term
Disadvantages to two breed terminal
Definition
Must maintain purebred herds
No heterosis in females
Term
Two breed rotational
Definition
takes pure bred sire and crossbred dam. heifers that are born into herd 1 are moved to herd 2 and bred with bull B. steers & cull heifers go to market
Term
Advantages to two breed rotational
Definition
simple, produces replacement females, heterosis in dam
Term
disadvantages to two breed rotational
Definition
only 67% heterosis, need two pastures
Term
three breed rotational
Definition
like two breed but adds 1 more breed
Term
advantages to three breed rotational
Definition
about 86% heterosis, produces replacement females, heterosis in dam
Term
disadvantages to three breed rotational
Definition
large #s needed, multiple pastures needed, labor intensive
Term
two breed rota-terminal
Definition
two breed rotational except when heifers do not perform in A or B, you give them one last chance in herd C. Everything born from herd C goes to market. Heifers from A & B that also do not perform in C go to market.
Term
Advantages to two breed rota-terminal
Definition
produce replacement females, heterosis in females, max heterosis in terminal cross calves, complimentarity in terminal cross calves
Term
Disadvantages to two breed rota-terminal
Definition
only 67% heterosis in rotational calves, big #s needed, lots of management input
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
endocrine glands secrete hormones carried to other parts of the body through the bloodstream
Term
Hormones
Definition
Chemical substances that are carried by the blood stream to a target organ and elicit a consistent response
Term
Endocrine glands
Definition
pituitary, hypothalamus, gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, pancreas, uterus, placenta
Term
Pituitary gland location
Definition
base of the brain
Term
Hypothalamus location
Definition
above the pituitary gland in the brain
Term
Gonads locations
Definition
testes & ovaries
Term
thyroid location
Definition
lobes on either side of the larynx
Term
adrenal cortex location
Definition
close to kidneys
Term
pancreas location
Definition
near duodenum
Term
Hormones produced by anterior pituitary
Definition
Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH), Andrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH), Leteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL)
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