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A & P II lecture
Ch 22 lymphatic system
130
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/21/2011

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Term
What are 3 functions of the lymphatic system?
Definition
Fluid balance, fat absorption, and protection against diseases
Term
Excess _______ enters lymphatic capillaries and becomes _______.
Definition
interstital fluid/lymph
Term
The lymphatic system absorbs fat and othe substances form ______ _______.
Definition
digestive tract
Term
What carries lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system?
Definition
lymphatic vessels
Term
Lymphocytes are a type of ______.
Definition
WBC
Term
Lymphatic vessels start as ______ rather than tubes (Blood).
Definition
pockets
Term
Lymphatic vessels have _____ diameter than blood vessels.
Definition
larger
Term
lymphatic vessels have ________ walls than blood vessels.
Definition
thinner
Term
Lympatic vessels are _____ or ______ in section compared to blood vessels.
Definition
flat or irregular
Term
Lymphatic capillaries allow Fluids, solutes, viruses and bacteria to enter but prevents ______ to intercellular space.
Definition
return
Term
Overlap of the lymphatic capillary structure acts as a _________.
Definition
one way valve.
Term
Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that transport lipids from digestive tract.
Definition
lacteals
Term
Release chemicals that mediate inflammation and allergic responses
Definition
basophils and most cells
Term
Ingest and destroy invaders
Definition
neutrophils
Term
destroy invaders, particularly antibody coated parasites
Definition
eosinophils
Term
ingest and destroy invaders;antigen presentation
Definition
monocytes and microphages
Term
specific response to invaders, including antibody production
Definition
lymphocytes and plasma cells
Term
recognize pathogens and activate other immune cells by antigen presentation
Definition
dendritic cells
Term
Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells and Suppressor T cells are all....
Definition
T cells/circulating lymphocytes
Term
B Cells are a class of ________ lymphocytes.
Definition
circulating
Term
Natural Killer Cells are a class of circulating _________.
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
Attack cells infected by virus
Definition
cytotoxic T cells
Term
Cytotoxic T cells attack cells infected by ______.
Definition
virus
Term
Stimulate function of T cells and B cells
Definition
Helper T cells
Term
Inhibit fuction of T cells and B cells
Definition
supressor T cells
Term
What type of WBC have a regulatory system?
Definition
Cytotoxic, helper and suppressor T cells
Term
Differentiate into plasma cells
Definition
B cells
Term
B cells produce and secrete ________.
Definition
antibodies
Term
Which cells produce and secrete antibodies?
Definition
B cells
Term
Which cells are responsible for immunological surveillance, attack foreign cells, virus infected cells, and cancer cells
Definition
natural killer cells
Term
Which cells are Dr. Gardners favorite cells?
Definition
Natural Killer cells
Term
Lymphopoiesis is .....
Definition
lymphocyte production
Term
Areolar tissue (connective tissue in which fibers are loosley arranged in a net or meshwork) with densely packed lymphocytes.
Definition
lympoid nodule
Term
________ are located in the lymph nodes, spleen, repiratory tract, along digestive and urinary tracts.
Definition
lympoid nodules
Term
Lympoid tissues that are associated with the digestive system are called....
Definition
MALT mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
Term
lymphoid tissues are found along the digestive tract T or F
Definition
True MALT
Term
Lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx are called....
Definition
tonsils
Term
What are three lymphoid organs?
Definition
lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen
Term
________ are located along lymphatic vessels?
Definition
lymph nodes
Term
Within the lymph nodes where are b cells located?
Definition
outer cortex
Term
Where is the site of plasma cell and memory b cell formation
Definition
outer cortex
Term
With the lymph node where are T cells and dendritic cells?
Definition
inner cortex
Term
Within the lymph node what contains b cells, antibody producing plasma cells from cortex, and macrophages?
Definition
medulla
Term
The thymus _______ after puberty.
Definition
atrophy
Term
The thymus shrinks with age from ___ in infants to ___ in old age.
Definition
70g/3g
Term
What is an extract of the thymus that promotes development of lymphocytes?
Definition
thymosin
Term
Functions of the Spleen
Removal of _______ and other blood components by phagocytosis.
Definition
abnormal blood cells
Term
Functions of the Spleen
Storage of ______ recycled from rbc.
Definition
iron
Term
Functions of the Spleen
Initiation of ______ ________ by B cells and T cells in response to antigens in circulating blood.
Definition
immune responses
Term
contains rbc and fixed and free macrophages which pulp is this
Definition
red pulp
Term
Which pulp contains lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes and macrophages)
Definition
white pulp
Term
Where do B and T cells carry out immune function?
Definition
white pulp
Term
Which defense always works the same way?
Definition
nonspecific
Term
Which defense works against any type of invading agent?
Definition
nonspecific
Term
Specific defenses protect against ______ pathogens.
Definition
specific
Term
Which defense depends on activites of lymphocytes?
Definition
specific
Term
_______ resistance develops after exposure to environmental hazards.
Definition
specific
Term
Keeps hazardous materials outside of the body?
Definition
physical barriers
Term
What is an example of a physical barrier?
Definition
skin, oil on skin
Term
attack and remove dangerous microorganisms
Definition
phagocytes
Term
constantly monitors normal tissues
Definition
immunological surveillance
Term
Proteins made and released by lymphocytes
Definition
interferons
Term
complement proteins are specific or nonspecific?
Definition
nonspecific
Term
Complement (C) proteins complement the action of ??
Definition
antibodies
Term
Triggers a complex inflammatory response is a function of inflammation which is a ____________ defense.
Definition
nonspecific
Term
________ kills invaders but also own enzymes.
Definition
Fever
Term
Enzymes and stomach acid provide a nonspecific defense/physical barrier because???
Definition
low pH of 2
Term
Sweat glands, mucus, and urine are _________ that flush away materials. This makes them a nonspecific/physical barrier.
Definition
secretions
Term
_______ layers of internal passageways provide a nonspecific phyical barrier.
Definition
epithelial
Term
Microphages and macrophages are what?
Definition
phagocytes
Term
Neutrophils and eosinophils are _______.
Definition
microphages
Term
what leaves the bloodstream and then enters peripheral tissues to fight infections?
Definition
microphages
Term
Microphages and Macrophages are two classes of??
Definition
Phagocytes
Term
Phagocytes remove _____ and _____.
Definition
Debris and pathogens
Term
large phagocytic cells derived from monocytes
Definition
macrophages
Term
_____ mature into different types of macrophages.
Definition
Monocytes
Term
______ ________ respond to pathogens in these ways....
1.Engulf pathogen and destroy it with lysosomal enzymes.
2.Bind to pathogen so other cells can destroy it.
3.Destroy pathogen by releasing toxic chemicals into interstitial fluid.
Definition
Activated Macrophages
Term
Fixed and Free are two types of...
Definition
macrophages
Term
stay in specific tissues or organs.. ex. dermis and bone marrow
Definition
Fixed macrophages
Term
You could find these in the central nervous system, and they stay there.
Type of fixed macrophage
Definition
Microglia
Term
You could find these in the liver sinusoids. They stay there because they are a type of fixed macrophage
Definition
kupffer cells
Term
Travel throughout the body
Definition
Free macrophages
Term
You could find these kind of free macrophages in the lungs...
Definition
aveolar macrophages
Term
Immunological surveillance is carried out by what kind of cell?
Definition
Natural Killer cells
Term
NK cells identify and attach to what____ cells. The _____ in the NK cell forms perforin vesicles.
Definition
abnormal (nonselective)
golgi
Term
Vesicles of the NK cell release protein called _____ by ______.
Definition
perforins/excytosis
Term
Perforins from NK cells _____ abnormal plasma membranes.
Definition
lyse
Term
Can microphages get into tissues?
Definition
yes
Term
What are proteins made and released by lymphocytes and are a nonspecific defense?
Definition
Interferons
Term
A type of cytokine= chemical messenger
Definition
interferons
Term
Alpha, Beta and Gamma are types of...
Definition
interferons
Term
This type of interferon attracts and stimulates nk cells. They are produced by wbc/leukocytes
Definition
Alpha
Term
This type of interferon is secreted by fibrocytes and slow inflammation in damaged area. Help bring in stuff.
Definition
Beta
Term
These type of interferons are secreted by t cells and nk cells and they stimulate macrophage activity
Definition
gamma
Term
complement antibody action
Definition
complement proteins
Term
Effects of complement activation
-Stimulation of _________.
Definition
Inflammation
Term
Effects of complement activation
-Attraction of _________.
Definition
Phagocytes
Term
Effects of complement activation
Destruction of target _______ _______.
Definition
plasma membranes
Term
Inflammation is also called inflammatory response. It is a ______ response.
Definition
localized
Term
Three effects of inflammation
1. Temporary repair and barrier against _______.
Definition
Pathogens
Term
Three effects of inflammation
2. ______ spread of pathogens to surrounding areas.
Definition
Retards
Term
Three effects of inflammation
3. Mobilization of local and systemic ______ and facilitation of repairs.
Definition
defenses
Term
What are three products of inflammation?
Definition
Pus, necrosis, and abcess
Term
Local tissue destruction in area of injury
Definition
necrosis
Term
mixture of debris and necrotic tissues
Definition
pus
Term
pus accumulated in an enclosed space
Definition
abscess
Term
A maintained body temperature of ___.
Definition
37 degrees C
Term
Any material that causes the hypothalamus to raise temperature.
Definition
pyrogens
Term
Circulating pathogens, toxins or antibody complexes (all pyrogens) would cause what?
Definition
the hypothalamus to raise body temp
Term
What is the bodies thermostat?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
Provide cell-mediated immunity
Definition
t cells
Term
provide antibody-mediated immunity
Definition
Term
defend against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells
Definition
cell-mediated immunity (t cells)
Term
defend against antigens and pathogens in body fluids
Definition
antibody-mediated immunity (b cells)
Term
the form of immunity that is present at birth
Definition
innate
Term
the form of immunity that is after birth
Definition
aquired
Term
the form of immunity when antibodies develop after exposure to antigen
Definition
active
Term
Through environmental exposure to pathogens as in chicken pox, measles you would have this immunity
Definition
naturally acquired (active)
Term
through vaccines containing pathogens as in small pox, polio, rubella, measles, mumps you would have this immunity
Definition
induced (active)
Term
antibodies are transferred from another source in this type of immunity
Definition
passive
Term
In this type of immunity antibodies acquired from the mother
Definition
naturally acquired (passive)
Term
In this type of immunity antibodies are an injection of antibodies ie rabies, tetanus
Definition
induced (passive)
Term
A molecule that is recognized by the immune system and are substances that trigger an immune response
Definition
antigen
Term
The four properties of immunity are specificity, versatility, memory and ______.
Definition
tolerance
Term
Properties of immunity
Each T or B cell responds only to a _____ _____ and ignores all others.
Definition
specificity
Term
Properties of immunity
The body produces many types of lymphocytes Each fights a different type of antigen.
Definition
versatility
Term
Properties of immunity
Some active lymphocytes stay in circulation and provide immunity against new exposure
Definition
memory
Term
Properties of immunity
Immune system ignores normal (self) antigens
Definition
tolerance
Term
cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity are the two main division of....
Definition
specific defenses
Term
What are the three major types of t cells?
Definition
cytotoxic, helper, and supressor
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