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ZOO 3115; Dr. Cherrington, Blood (04-10)
Study material for UW ZOO 3115 Exam 3
29
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2015

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Term
(04-10) Define hemostasis.
Definition
Blood clotting
Term
(04-10) In vasoconstrition, does blood flow increase or decrease?
Definition
Decrease.
Term
(04-10) What is the second step of hemostasis?
Definition
Platelet aggregation, which forms a platelet plug.
Term
(04-10) What prevents platelets from clotting in a normal blood vessel?
Definition
Endothelial cells produce NO, PG12, and ADPase that prevent platelet aggregation.
Term
(04-10) How do platelets know to clot in a torn vessel? What happens (before coagulation)?
Definition
When subendothelial tissue contacts blood, von Willebrand factor and platelets bind to collagen. Activated platelets cause vasoconstriction and stimulate more aggregation by releasing ADP and thromboxane A2.
Term
(04-10) What happens if you add asprin to blood?
Definition
Aspirin bonds to cycloxigenase I, preventing the change from arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2
Term
(04-10) What are the steps of the coagulation cascade?
Definition
1) Intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge in activating Factor X, which activates thrombin. 2) Thrombin activates Factor XIII and converts fibrinogen to loose fibrin 3) Factor XIII crosslinks the fibrin mesh.
Term
(04-10) Where are intrinsic factors? Extrinsic factors? What does the convergence of these factors cause?
Definition
Intrinsic is in the blood, extringic is in the tissue. Convergence caused inactive Factor X (10) to become activated.
Term
(04-10) How is thrombin activated?
Definition
Active Factor X (10) and prothrombin converge.
Term
(04-10) What does thrombin do to encourage coagulation?
Definition
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to loose fibrin and activates Factor XII
Term
(04-10) What does activated Factor XIII do?
Definition
Crosslinks the fibrin mesh from loose fibrin.
Term
(04-10) Define fibrinolysis.
Definition
Clot removal
Term
(04-10) What does t-PA stand for? What does it do? What happens next in fribinolysis?
Definition
tissue plasminogen activator; endothelial cells release t-PA, which converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then converts the loose fibrin in a clot to fibrinogen.
Term
(04-10) How many autosomes does a human have? Sex chromosomes?
Definition
44 autosomes, two sex chromosomes
Term
(04-10) On what chromosome is the von Willebrand factor gene?
Definition
Chromosome 12
Term
(04-10) What happens if you have one bad copy of chromosome 12? Two bad copies?
Definition
Nothing; von Willebrand factor deficiency.
Term
(04-10) What is the most common clotting disorder?
Definition
von Willebrand deficiency
Term
(04-10) What percent of hemophiliacs have Hemophilia A? B? C?
Definition
80%, 20%, then so very rare.
Term
(04-10) How is hemophilia A passed down? Hemophilia B? Hemopphilia C?
Definition
X-linked recessive; X-linked recessive; Autosomal
Term
(04-10) What blood factor is affected in Hemophilia A? B? C?
Definition
Factor VIII; Factor IX; Factor XI
Term
(04-10) What is a common clotting disorder caused by a cofactor deficiency?
Definition
Vitamin K deficiency
Term
(04-10) What condition is also known as the "economy class syndrome"? Why?
Definition
Thrombosis; it is caused by keeping still too long.
Term
(04-10) What is the death rate of deep vein thrombosis?
Definition
1 in 10.
Term
(04-10) Name the four main anticoagulants.
Definition
Warfarin, heparin, hirudin, draculin
Term
(04-10) What does warfarin do?
Definition
Acts as an antagonist for vitamin K
Term
(04-10) What is the prescription name for warfarin?
Definition
Cumudin
Term
(04-10) What does heparin do?
Definition
Anticoagulant that blocks thrombin. It is released by mast cell granules.
Term
(04-10) What does hirudin do? Where is it found naturally?
Definition
Anticoagulant that blocks thrombin. It is found in the saliva of leeches.
Term
(04-10) What does draculin do? Where is it found naturally?
Definition
Anticoagulant that inhibits Factors IX and X. Found in the saliva of vampire bats.
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