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ZOO 3115; Dr. Cherrington, Blood (04-08)
Study material for UW ZOO 3115 Exam 3
33
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2015

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Term
(04-08) How does a red blood cell look on a blood smear (what's the defining characteristic)?
Definition
Lighter in the center due to its concavity.
Term
(04-08) How does a leukocyte look on a blood smear?
Definition
Much larger cell, obvious nucleus shape
Term
(04-08) What does a thrombocyte look like on a blood smear?
Definition
Small bits of cell matter
Term
(04-08) What are the types of leukocytes?
Definition
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Term
(04-08) How many erythocytes are found per mL of blood?
Definition
5 billion cells/mL
Term
(04-08) What is the beginning material of every blood cell?
Definition
Blood stem cell
Term
(04-08) What is AML? What does it do?
Definition
Acute myeloid leukemia; it produces an excess of lymphocytes
Term
(04-08) What are the two primary divisions of a blood stem cell?
Definition
Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells
Term
(04-08) What is the pathway of an erythrocyte?
Definition
Go to the lungs, release carbon dioxide, pick up oxygen, travel systemically, release oxygen, pick up carbon dioxide, go back to lungs.
Term
(04-08) What is the shape on an erythrocyte?
Definition
Biconcave
Term
(04-08) Is an erythrocyte a true cell?
Definition
nope; no nucleus
Term
(04-08) What makes makes an erythrocyte flexible? Why is this important?
Definition
Spectrin; it helps with easy travel
Term
(04-08) Does water hold a lot or a little O2?
Definition
Very little.
Term
(04-08) How much O2 is in H2O/plasma in a 70 kg person?
Definition
(70 kg)(80 mL/kg)=5,600 mL of blood=5.6 L of blood -- (5.6 L)(3 mL O2/L of blood)=16.8 mL of O2
Term
(04-08) How much O2 can be carried in hemoglobin?
Definition
4 molecules of O2
Term
(04-08) How much O2 is in one gram of hemoglobin?
Definition
1.3 mL/gram
Term
(04-08) What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin
Definition
Men: 14-18 g/dL; Women:12-15 g/dL; Pregnant women: 11-12 g/dL; Children: 11-16 g/dL
Term
(04-08) How many dL are in one L?
Definition
10 dL/L
Term
(04-08) How much O2 is on hemoglobin (Hb) in a 70 kg person?
Definition
(70kg)(60 mLblood/kg)=5,600 mL of blood=5.6L of blood -- (5.6 L of blood)(150 g of Hb/L of blood)(1.3 mL O2/g of Hb)=1,092 mL O2
Term
(04-08) How do you calculate the total concentration of O2 in a person's blood?
Definition
[Total O2]=[O2 in plasma]+[O2 in hemoglobin]
Term
(04-08) How many grams of hemoglobin is in one L of blood?
Definition
150 g/L
Term
(04-08) How many RBCs are created per second?
Definition
2 million-3 million cells/second
Term
(04-08) What initiates the birth of a red blood cell?
Definition
The kidney senses low oxygen
Term
(04-08) What is the life cycle of a RBC? (Initiation through death)
Definition
1) Kidney secretes EPO in response to low oxygen 2) EPO stimulates RBC production in bone marrow 3) RBC lives 120 days in the blood 4) Blood travels through the spleen, where macrophages eat the old RBCs
Term
(04-08) You eat a steak. Where does the iron go?
Definition
Iron is absorbed through the small intestine, and T-Iron (transferrin) picks it up. It will either go to the bone marrow to become hemoglobin or to the liver to become F-Iron (ferritin) for storage.
Term
(04-08) You eat a steak. Where does the iron go?
Definition
Iron is absorbed through the small intestine, and T-Iron (transferrin) picks it up. It will either go to the bone marrow to become hemoglobin or to the liver to become F-Iron (ferritin) for storage.
Term
(04-08) What happens to dead cell parts?
Definition
Alpha- and beta-globulins are recycled to amino acids; iron in the hemoglobin is picked up by transferrin; opened hemoglobin is stored as bilirubin
Term
(04-08) What are the two chemical characteristics of bilirubin?
Definition
Unconjugated, poorly soluble in water
Term
(04-08) What happens to bilirubin? Why?
Definition
It is transported to the liver and to glucaronic acid. This makes an unconjugated molecule conjugated -- more soluble in water.
Term
(04-08) What happens to glucaronic acid?
Definition
It travels to the small intestine and becomes urobilinogen, which is then excreted as feces and urine.
Term
(04-08) What disease is caused by a bilirubin defect?
Definition
Jaundice
Term
(04-08) What are the three types of jaundice?
Definition
Pre-hepatic (excess hemolysis overwhelms the liver; ^^ unconjugated bilirubin); Hepatic (liver damage leads to compromised uptake and excretion; ^^ unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin); Post-hepatic (bile duct obstruction; ^^ conjugated bilirubin)
Term
(04-08) How do you treat jaundice in newborns?
Definition
Put them in UV light -- sunlight!
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