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World Religions RS142
Taoism and Confucianism
36
Religious Studies
Not Applicable
04/29/2006

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Term
Yang
Definition
The male side of the Dao. It is exemplified in bright, warm, and dry conditions. Its opposite is Yin, the female side of the Dao.
Term
Yin
Definition
The female side of the Dao. Cool, dark, moist. It's opposite is Yang, the male side.
Term
Dao (Tao)
Definition
The path, course, or way of the univers. Although its influence is in nature, the eternal Dao is believed to be hidden from empirical experience.
Term
Yinjing (I Ching)
Definition
An ancient book of China that assists people in deciding how to plan their lives in accord with the forces of the universe.
Term
Dao De Jing
Definition
The Way and Its Power. A book attributed to Laozi, founder of Daoism.
Term
Laozi (Lao Tzu)
Definition
The sage of China onece believed to have been the author the the Tao Te Ching. He is regarded as the founder of Daoism.
Term
wuwei
Definition
The Daoist principle of accomplishing tasks without assertion. Individuals in harmony with the flow of the Dao can accomplish more than individuals who assert themselves.
Term
Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu)
Definition
A later Daoist. He wrote, in part, to distinguish Daoism from Confucianism.
Term
Daoist
Definition
Followers of a philosophy expressed in the Dao De Jing attributed to Laozi, a sage of ancient China.
Term
Shang Di
Definition
The lord of heaven. Ancestors are believed to be obedient to him as living persons are to the emperor.
Term
Jade Emperor
Definition
A mythical emperor of ancient China. In 1012 CE the emperor (Chen Tsung) claimed to have received a revelation from Him.
Term
Tsao Shen
Definition
The god of the stove. The stove was essential in family life and in work of the Daoist alchemist.
Term
Three Purities
Definition
Three deities of Daoism: Ling Bao, the Jade Emperor, and Lao Tsu.
Term
Taixi
Definition
The art of embryonic breating, a method of holding one's breat in contemplation.
Term
Shouyi
Definition
To preserve the One or to meditate on the One. It includes methods of meditation on the One.
Term
Confucius
Definition
Kongfuzi, the Chinese founder of Confucianism. Primarily a teacher, he sought to develop good government through a responsible ruler and ethical people.
Term
Junzi
Definition
The gentleman or superior man. He was a role model for the conduct of the Chinese people.
Term
li
Definition
The Confucian principle of righteousness or propriety. Li can refer to ritual and correct conduct in society.
Term
The Five Relationships
Definition
In Confucianism ruler-subject, husband-wife, father-son, older brother-younger brother, elder friend-younger friend.
Term
yi
Definition
In Confucianism, internalized li, or righteousness; li as it has become a part of an individualized conduct.
Term
ren (jen)
Definition
In Confucianism, the human principle, based on fellow-feeling. It is having deep empathy or compassion for other humans.
Term
shu
Definition
In Confucianism, reciprocity; individuals treating others as they would like to be treated. They do not do to others what they would not want to done to themselves.
Term
Mohists
Definition
Followers of Mozi (Mo Tzu). The advocated curing the ills of society by practicing mutual love among people. Confucians objected to Mohist universal love because it did not allow for special feelings for kin.
Term
Mozi
Definition
Founder of the Mohist philosophy, which advocated brotherly love. Brotherhood meant sharing equally the essentials of food, clother, and shelter.
Term
Fajia
Definition
In China, the Legalist school of philosophy that taught governance by reward and punishment. An example of is philosopher Han Feizi.
Term
Han Feizi
Definition
A representative of the Fajia, or Legalist, school of philosophy in China. He taught that people were governed best by a ruler who harshly enforced rigid laws.
Term
Zhongyon (Chun Yung)
Definition
In Confucianism, the doctrine of the constant mean, the path between extremes of conduct. Confucius taught that a superior man avoids excesses in his conduct.
Term
Mengiz (Mencius)
Definition
A later disciple of Confucius who emphasized an inbor goodness of humans. He differed from Xunzi (Hsun Tzu), who argued that men are born evil.
Term
Xunzi
Definition
A Confucian who argued that humans are evil by nature and must be taught good rather than evil. Differed from Mengzi.
Term
Zhuxi
Definition
The leader of the Neo-Confucian revival in the twelfth century.
Term
Taiji
Definition
The Great Ultimate in Zhuxi's Neo-Confucian philosophy. It is the rational law, or li, that works within everything.
Term
Sun Yat-sen
Definition
The first leader of the republic of China after the fall of Manchus. He reasserted Confucian virtues.
Term
Chiang K'ai Shek
Definition
The leader of Nationalist China who established a government in Taiwan. He was driven from mailand China by Mao Zedon.
Term
tianming
Definition
In Confucianisml, the mandate of heaven. Zhou and Han emperors claimed to rule succesfully because they followed the mandate of heaven.
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