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Details Title workbook Description practice exam workbook Total Cards 101 Subject Microbiology Created 07/02/2011

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Cards

Term A cell that cannot make tRNA	Definition Can't make proteins
Term What is the characteristic of Staph aureus	Definition Colonization of human skin and upper respiratory tract begin within 24 hrs of birth
Term transcription	Definition DNA is copied to RNA
Term Viruses	Definition Either DNA or RNA never both Protein coat have to multiply within host
Term diagnosed by the presence of flagellates in the patients feces	Definition Giadiasis
Term In an aids test, what substance is used on the ELISA to coat the microtiter wells	Definition HIV antigens
Term How does interferon inactivate a virus after a cell has been infected	Definition It inhibits the replication of teh virus
Term Why is AZT an effective anti HIV drug	Definition It inhibits transcription in the retrovirus
Term which organic compound is found in the cell walls of bacteria	Definition N-acetylneuramic acid
Term what is na example of bacterially synthesized secondary metabolite	Definition PCN
Term Foods are preserved with	Definition Potassium sorbate Sodium nitrate sodium propionate
Term what is the characteristic of cryptosporidiosis	Definition The disease is an opportunistic infection that is likely to cause severe disease in the immuniocomprimised
Term what type of hypersensitivity could occur in a patient with aggamglobulinemia	Definition Type 4 cell mediated
Term which agent inhibits the replication of bacterial DNA by inducing the formation of thyamine dimers.	Definition UV light
Term how does the addition of sugar help to preserve foods such as jams and jellies	Definition Water becomes unavaiable to the spoilage organisms because it is bound by the sugar
Term what would most likely happen to an organism of it were exposed to a physical or chemical agent that causes a base deletion in the DNA	Definition a frameshift mutation would occur
Term specialized transducing bacteriophages usually transfer host-cell genes found in which location?	Definition a specific region of the host chromosome
Term what increases the rate of bioormediation of an oil spill	Definition addition of phosphate and nitrogen
Term which substances kill microorganisms by replacing the hydrogen of the carboxyl, sulfhydryl, or amino groups	Definition aldehydes
Term Koch's postualtes don't apply to all disease because	Definition all disease aren't caused by microorganisms
Term what is the process that bacteria both generate and utilize energy	Definition amphibolism
Term What type of enzymes do plasmids most often encode? Enzymes involved in	Definition antibiotic resistance
Term which immune response in the presence of rabies must generate proteins	Definition antibodies
Term produced using microbial fermentation	Definition aspartame citric acid MSG
Term what organism is a free living bacteria that fixes nitrogen an undesirable contaminent in wine making	Definition azotobactor
Term a person with aggamaglobilnemia a type of immuniodeficiency would respond poorly to which type of infection	Definition bacterial
Term Abacteriostatic chemical is added to a bacterial culture that is in log phase of growth how would a graph of this culture change, compared to a culture with no drug added?	Definition bacteriostatic agent inhibits growth. It would level off to a horizontal line indefinietly
Term when a competitive inhibitor binds to a particular enzyme, how cant the reaction rate be increased	Definition by increasing the substrate concentration
Term what microbial pathogen causes the majority of foodborne infections in the US	Definition camplyobacter
Term what type of reaction in living cells are cataylized by enzymes and result in the breaking of bonds with the concomitant release of energy	Definition catabolic
Term what type of reaction in living cells are cataylized by enzymes and result in the breaking of bonds with the concomitant release of energy	Definition catabolic
Term cell structure that allows bacteria to live in a hypotonic solution without bursting	Definition cell wall
Term which antimicrobial agent has a mode of action most like that of vancomycin	Definition cephalothin
Term a surgical instrument requires sterilization but is sensitive to harsh conditions. what would you use?	Definition chemical growth control kills bacteria on inanimate objects. Ethelyne oxide gas sterilizes without heat.
Term which microorganism use CO2 for a carbon source and obtains energy from the oxidation of nitrates	Definition chemoautotroph
Term protozoa	Definition classified by their method of locomotion all are unicellular all aaare eukaryotic
Term tRNA	Definition contains anticodons
Term how are virus particles commonly quantitated in a bacteriiophage suspension	Definition determine the number of plaques formed
Term which processes involve reactions that occur in the plasma membrane of the prokaryotic cell	Definition electron transport
Term most common cause of travelers diarrhea is probably	Definition escherichia coli
Term fungi	Definition eukaryotic, multicellular reproduce sexually or asexually chemoheterotrophic
Term which is best sterilization to use for a liquid bacterial culture mediium in which you wish to preserve heat liable componenets	Definition filtration
Term which way be the best way to sterilize an enzyme solution	Definition filtration is used to sterilize heat sensitive material
Term ssDNA	Definition first synthesis product during replication of a retrovirus
Term Why can ATP and proton motive force be considered equal forms of energy currency	Definition generation of a proton motive force can be used in the synthesis of ATP
Term Which chemical agent is widely used to disinfect drinking water and used on spills involving body fluids	Definition halogens
Term what treatment is most effective for recovering viable bacterial endospores while killing all vegatative cells	Definition heating at 80 degrees cenitgrade for 15 min.
Term Pneumocystitis	Definition humans
Term under which circumstance is E-coli likely to have the shortest doubling time	Definition in a complex culture medium such as glucose
Term how do the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle differ	Definition in their ability to exist as prophage in the cell host.
Term what happens to bacterial cells when antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides and tetracyclines disrupt normal function of the ribosomes	Definition inhibition of protein synthesis.
Term how does interferon inactivate a virus after a cell has been infected	Definition interferon inhibits the replication
Term Amphibolism	Definition intergration of catabolism and anabolism
Term which type of food is least likely to spoil because bacteria that enters the food is plasmalyzied	Definition jams
Term What is pateruization used for.	Definition kill pathogenic microorganisms in a sample
Term During which phase of growth are bacteria most susceptible to antimicrobial agent.	Definition log phase
Term what is the major antigen - presenting cell in the primary humoral and cell-mediated immune response	Definition macrophages
Term a reaction that makes wine less acidic	Definition malic acid to lactic acid
Term Infection by which is often confused with viral pnuemonia	Definition mycoplasma
Term which circulating white blood cells are most actively phagocytic	Definition netrophils
Term phemolics differ from phenol in that phenolics are	Definition noniiritating relatively odorless more effecttive antibacterial agents
Term specific type of mutation results from a single base pair substitution within a bacterial reading frame causing the MRNA codon UAC to be changed to UAg	Definition nonsense codon
Term what antigens will elecit an antibody response in human beings	Definition numerous different antigenic determinants
Term a gram positive bacterium is exposed to the enzyme lysozome. What will be the result of this exposure	Definition ot will degrade the mucopeptide layer of the cell wall , causing the cell to lyse
Term Psittacosis	Definition parakeets
Term lysogeny	Definition phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA
Term Studies of what subject have been most important in providing relevant information about gene linkage and chromosme mapping	Definition phage transduction
Term clear area against a confluent lawn of bacteria is called	Definition plaque
Term patient has fever difficulty breathing chest pains fluid in the aveoli and positive TB skin test Gram positive cocci isolated from sputum	Definition pneumoccoal pnuemonia
Term which mutation involves base substitution	Definition point
Term large numbers of which cell type in the blood or at the site of inflammation indicates an active infection	Definition polymorphonucllear leukocytes
Term which antigens will elicit an antibody response in human beings	Definition primary nonself macrommolecules
Term why is 70 % isopropyl alcohol a more effective anitmicrobial than 100%	Definition pyre ethanol is less effective than aqueous solutions because denaturation of proteins requires water
Term what is the advantage of using antiserum therapy over vaccination	Definition rapid immunity
Term what is a non specific defense mechanism that is present in some mucous membranes	Definition removal of microbes by ciliated cells
Term compared to other types of hypersensitivity type 1 analphylactic hypersensitivity is characterized by what features	Definition requires the binding of IGE bodies to mast cells.
Term AZT ddi, zalicitibine target what part of HIV	Definition reverse transcriptase
Term how do bacteria move in a forward direction	Definition rotation of polar flagella
Term what process is the primary treatment of sewage	Definition sedimentation
Term gene is best defined as a	Definition sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product
Term heavy metal	Definition silver nitrate merthiolate copper sulfate
Term Which ingredient makes maniitol salt agar a selective medium	Definition sodium chloride
Term Histoplamosis	Definition soil
Term which action occurs during the malting and mashing steps in the production of beer	Definition starch is converted to sugars.
Term How do Cornyebacterium diptherae synthesize diptheria toxin	Definition strains lysogenic for cornephage
Term which organisms, essential in the sulfur cycle, use sulfate as an electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration	Definition sulfate reducing bacteria
Term what chemical property do quatanary amine compounds such as benzalkorum chloride posess that enables them to kill microorganisms	Definition surfacatant ability to dissolve membranes
Term folic acid functions for co-enzyme for which process	Definition synthesis of purines
Term which disease causes a skin rash, hair loss malaise and fever	Definition syphilis
Term most common route of CNS incasion by pathogens is through	Definition the circulatory system
Term Gene therapy	Definition the insertion of a missing gene into defective human cells to combat disease
Term E coli makes insulin because	Definition the insulin gene was inserted into it
Term what is added to a medium culture bacteria within the Clostridium genus	Definition thoglycolate
Term What is the function of reverse transcriptase in HIV	Definition to convert the genetic information on the Viral RNA into DNA
Term in acting to prevent cell growth, which process in bacteria does tetracycline inhibit	Definition translation (protein synthesis) of MRNA
Term which type of immune response occurs in a positive TB test	Definition type 4 delayed hypersenstivity
Term role of R factor plasmids in genetic engineering	Definition used in cloning to ensure that all cut pieces of DNa will have the same sticky ends
Term which antimicrobial functions by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.	Definition vanco
Term an enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate	Definition inducible enzyme
Term The bacteria contributing most of the bacterial biomass to soil	Definition actinomycetes
Term strictly fermentative bacterium that produces energy	Definition glycolysis

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