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WHS Senses (Taste and Smell)
Senses: Taste and Smell
25
Physiology
12th Grade
09/13/2010

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Cards

Term
olfactory receptors
Definition
chemoreceptors in nasal cavity that are stimulated by odors
Term
nasal cavity: nasal septum, superior nasal conchae
Definition
Where are olfactory receptors located?
Term
epithelial cells/membrane
Definition
cells that aid the olfactory receptors by creating a moist mucus lining around the receptors
Term
odor molecules have different shapes and their shapes complement the protein receptor sites on the cilia of the olfactory receptors
Definition
How do odors stimulate olfactory receptors?
Term
limbic system, hypothalamus, olfactory cortex and association cortex (both in the temporal lobe)
Definition
What are 4 places in the brain that will receive the olfactory information from the olfactory nerve?
Term
cilia
Definition
The tiny hair like extensions that have receptor proteins that complement odor molecules (odors plug in to them)
Term
Odor Masking
Definition
This occurs when a weaker scent is blocked by a stronger scent.
Term
The limbic system where emotions originate is part of the temporal lobe and closely associated with the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe.
Definition
Why do odors affect our emotions?
Term
Definition
How are we able to recognize over 10,000 different scents. We don't have 10,000 different receptors.
Term
The receptors have cilia with unique binding protein shapes, so not all odors stimulate the same receptors. And different combinations of these receptors can be combined to create 1000's of unique combinations of receptors. The brain recognize the different combinations as different scents.
Definition
How are we able to recognize 10,000 different scents when we don't have 10,000 different receptors?
Term
3/5 is smell, 1/5 is vision/texture, 1/5 is taste
Definition
Taste sensation is composed of several elements. What are they?
Term
50 to 100 receptors are embedded within taste buds, which are located on the sides of the taste papillae.
Definition
Where are the taste receptors located?
Term
Sour and Bitter (bitter is most)
Definition
Which two taste sensations are we most sensitive to?
Term
sweet
Definition
Which taste are we least sensitive to?
Term
tip = sweet back = bitter
rim = salt sides = sour
Definition
Where are each of the 4 tastes sensed the strongest?
Term
the taste cells have hair like microvilli that combine with molecules in food. The shapes are complementary like with the olfactory receptors in the nose. When the food molecule attaches, the neuron depolarizes.
Definition
How do taste cells recognize the different tastes?
Term
gustatory cortex in frontal lobe.
Definition
Where in the brain is taste interpreted?
Term
The food molecules have to be dissolved small enough to attach to the taste cells. The saliva dissolves the food.
Definition
Why is saliva necessary for "good" taste sensations?
Term
pain receptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors (vision), mechanoreceptors (texture), olfactory receptors (smell)
Definition
What receptors contribute to taste besides the taste receptors?
Term
The young--babies most of all
Definition
Who has more taste receptors? The elderly or the young?
Term
Genetics determines the different types of receptors each of us will have. Some people have genes that code for different shaped receptors that other people don't have.
Definition
How does genetics determine your sense of taste?
Term
heat makes molecules move faster, so they dissolve faster and move down into the taste cells faster.
Definition
Why are hot foods tastier than cold foods?
Term
Sour comes from acid. Acid is produced by rotting food. Bacteria and fungi make lactic acid when they're active.
Definition
Why are we very sensitive to sour?
Term
Many toxins are bitter, so this would alert us to the dangers in potential new foods.
Definition
Why are we the most sensitive to bitter?
Term
Sweetness comes from sugar which is a main ingredient in fruits, veggies, and grains. We wouldn't want to be annoyingly sensitive to our own food.
Definition
Why are we least sensitive to sweet?
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