Shared Flashcard Set

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Week 1
World Religion
107
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
09/24/2015

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Religion

(SNHU Definition)

Definition

 

 

An organized system of spiritual beliefes and practices, usually offering a moral code/world view

Term

 

 

 

Beliefes In Relgion

Definition
  • Sacred writings or texts
  • Worship practices
  • Theology
  • Code of morality or religious law
Term

 

 

 

Belief System

Definition

 

 

Comprehensive, systematic explanation of the universe and a person's place in it

Term

 

 

Community

Definition

 

 

Group of indivaiduals who share a common belief system

Term

 

 

 

Myths

Definition

 

Stories that expresss or explain aspects or origins of the belief system

Term

 

 

Rituals

Definition

 

 

Fundamentals elements of the belief system that are ceremoniously enacted, important events that are re-enacted, or symbolic guesters or behaviors

Term

 

 

 

Ethics

Definition

 

Principles establishing right and wrong behavior for individuals 

 

(social teachings)

Term

 

 

 

Inner Experiences 

Definition

 

 

Involve the expression or attainment of certain emtional states, such as ecstasy, bliss peace, graditude, humility, pentience, ect.

Term

 

 

 

Symbolic Expression

Definition

 

Involves the use of symbolic resources such as architecture, sculpture, art objects, music, costumes, masks, makeup, incense, flowers, ect. to prepares oneself

Term

 

 

 

Sanctity

Definition

 

 

That which is sacred or holy (as opposed to that which is ordinary)

Term

 

 

Why Are We Here

(Hinduism, Jainism, & Sikhism)

Definition

 

 

Belief in a cycle of reincarnation determined by Karma

Term

 

 

Why Are We Here

(Christianity, Judaism, & Islam)

Definition

 

 

Point to God's Will

 

(God Created Man)

Term

 

 

Buddhists

Definition

 

 

Supply a Pathway Towards the Cessation of Pain

Term

 

 

Noble Truth of Dukkha

Definition

 

 

Believes there is a necessary incompletness and unsatisfactoriness inherent in life

Term

 

 

Christianity, Judaism, & Islam 

Primary Aim

Definition

 

 

To obey the will of God while exhibiting complete faith and obedience to him

Term

 

 

Jainism Moral Framework

Definition

 

Includes nonviolence (ahimsa), is believed to leade one towards freedom from physical bondage

Term

 

 

 

Buddhism Primary Aim

Definition

 

 

 

Live a life free from pain and craving

Term

 

 

Daoism Primary Aim

Definition

 

 

Live a life with minimal stuggle and complexity that resembles the natural order seen in the world

Term

 

 

Creation Myths

Definition

 

 

Stories that tell of the origins of the universe, the earth, the gods, and of mankind

Term

 

 

Earth Creation Catergories

Definition
  • Power of a Supreme Cosmic Being
  • Emerged out of nothingness
  • Emerged out of chaos
  • Part of a cosmic parent
  • Hatched from cosmic egg
  • Drawn out of primordial waters by earth diver
Term

 

 

Prometheus 

(Titan)

(Greek Mankind Story)

Definition

 

 

Made first man out of clay while Athena breathed spirt into the clay man.

(Gave man kind ability to walk up right and use fire)

Term

 

 

Zeus and Pandora

(Gift to Prometheus Brother)

Definition

Creates the first Woman (Pandora) who is given a box and told not to open it.

 

Pandora opens is and releases every form of evil into worl.

Term

 

 

 

Adam and Eve

 

Definition
  • God makes Adam out of clay and breathes spirt into his nostrils 
  • Creates the graden of eden with the tree of life and tree of good and Evil
  • Adam is told to never eat fruit from either
  • Eve made from one of Adams ribs
  • Eve convinces adam to eat the fruit
  • God punishes Adam by making all men suffer hard labor in farming
  • Punishes eve by making woemn suffer great pain in childbirth
  • Can't achieve immortality
Term

 

 

Shatapatha Brahmana

(Hinduism)

Definition
  • Father of the world splits himself into two halves man and woman
  • Woman hid herself by turning into a series of animals
  • Man finds women, they have sex and various species come into existence
Term

 

 

Brahma, Vishnu, & Shiva

(Hinduism)

Definition
  • Braham creates them
  • Vishnu perserves them
  • Shiva destroys them
Term

 

 

Jainisn

(No Creation story)

Definition

 

 

Universe is thought to be an eternally existing entity without beginning or end

Term

 

 

 

Buddha

Definition

 

Told of spirit creatures that lived in the sky and eventually decided to dive down to earth where they began eating substances which created their hard form body and filled them with desires and cravings

Term

 

 

Religious Behavior

(Purely Scientific)

Definition

 

 

Religion is a gentic trait that evolved uniquely in mankind, justifying its being classified as homo religious

Term

 

 

Religious Behavior

(Purely Theological)

Definition

 

 

Religion is thhe natural consequence of mankind being divinely invested with a soul

Term

 

 

 

Basic Function of Religion

Definition

 

To provide a set of beliefs offering a way of looking at the universe (orthidixy) and to provide a set of practices and behaviors that determine our way of acting in the world (orthopraxy)

Term

 

 

 

Theology

Definition

 

Study of the beliefe system of a specific religion and is traditionally undertaken by a member of the religion being studied

Term

 

 

Contemporary Religious Studies

Definition

 

 

Concerned with objectively studying only observable aspects of religion, such as it's history or it's literature

Term

 

 

 

Anthropology

Definition

 

 

Study of mankind and its culture

Term

 

 

 

Sociology

Definition

 

 

 

Study of social institutions

Term

 

 

 

Psychology

Definition

 

 

Study of mental functions and behavior

Term

 

 

 

Evolutionary Biology

Definition

 

 

 

Study of evolution of species 

Term

 

 

Anthropology and Religion

Definition

 

 

Concerned with the social origins of religion and the purpose it serves in the development of human societies, primarily indigenous societies

Term

 

 

 

Sociology and Religion

Definition

Concerned with the nature of religion as a social phenomenon


Assesses religion's function in society and its effect on society

Term

 

 

 

Totemism

Definition

 

 

Belief that a group has a familial connection to a particular spirt-being

Term

 

 

 

Psychology and Religion

Definition

 

 

Concerned with the effect of religion on the mind, the emotional state and behavior of those raised in a specific religious tradition

Term

 

 

 

Evolutionary Biology

Definition

 

Studies the possible adaptive mechanisms and strategies involved in encouraging religous behavior amoung humans to presist, especially on a physicological and genetic level

Term

 

 

Myth

Definition

 

 

 

Is a Story

Term

 

 

Mythos

Definition

 

 

 

Greek meaning story or thought

Term

 

 

 

Myth in Religion

Definition

 

 

 

Considered the very conduit of truth

Term

 

 

Analogy of Being

(Saint Thomas Aquinas)

Definition

 

 

States that there exists a correspondence between the devine

Term

 

 

 

Myths Ture Purpose

Definition

 

 

Describe the indescribable

Term

 

 

Myths General Purpose

Definition

 

 

Reveal a cultural, socal, or religious truth through story

Term

 

 

3 Things Mythmaking Accomplishes

Definition
  1. Describes origin of the universe
  2. Describes relationship of humans to the governing forces of the universe
  3. describes the behaviors expected of humans and society
Term

 

 

Ankh

Definition

 

 

Ancient Egyptian Sysmbol of life

 

(still used by coptic orthodoc church)

Term

 

 

Star of David

Definition

 

 

Symbol of martyrdom and heroism

 

(adopted by jews)

Term

 

 

Latin Cross

Definition

 

 

Reprents the execution of Jesus by crucifiction

 

(christian symbol)

Term

 

 

Hilal

Definition

 

 

Symbol of the power of Islam

Term

 

 

Yin Yang Symbol

 

(Daoist)

Definition

Represents the union of 2 primary and opposite qualities of the universe


Yin(Receptive)

Yang (Active)

 

 

Term

Bhavacakra

 

(Wheel of life)

 

(Buddhist Symbol)

 

Definition

 

 

Represents the perpetual reincarnations of the soul, determined by the laws of dependent origination

Term

 

 

5,000 Years Ago

Definition

 

 

Organized religions began to emerge

Term

 

 

Mesopotamians Meaning

Definition

 

 

Between the rivers

 

(Tigris and Euphrates)

Term

 

 

 

Henotheism

Definition

 

 

Worship of a single God, but without the disbelief in others

Term

 

 

Ziggurat

 

(mesopotamians)

Definition

 

 

An elaborate, stepped pyramid made out of mub-brick, around which the rest of the city was build

Term

 

 

 

Ka

Definition

 

 

Was a humans life force in ancient egypt

Term

 

 

Ba

Definition

 

 

 

unique character in acient egypt

Term

 

 

Polytheism

Definition

 

 

Belief in many Gods

Term

 

 

Monotheism

Definition

 

 

 

Belief in 1 God

Term

 

 

Zoroastrianism

Definition

 

 

 

Religion practiced by the Persians

Term

 

 

Zoroastrianism Professes

Definition

 

 

That an Eternal conflict rages between good and evil that spans the entire universe where mankind plays an important role

Term

 

 

Ahura Mazda

 

(great creator or god)

Definition

 

 

Progenitor of all things good aand there are no unrighteous or chaotic elements to him

Term

 

Angra Mainyu

 

(destructive force)

Definition

 

 

 

progenitor of all things evil

Term

 

 

Numinisn

 

(acient romans)

Definition

 

 

taught that every aspect of nature had an abstract spirt called numen (pl. numina)

Term

 

 

Norse Religion

Definition

 

 

Relied on an oral based, non-literary tradition

Term

 

 

Epic of Gilgamesh

Definition

 

 

A long poem from acient Mesopotamia recounts legends and myths about the heroking gilgamesh

Term

 

 


Code of Hammurabi

Definition
  • one of the earliest legal codes
  • established by 6th babylonian king
  • 282 laws
  • civil, criminal, and commerical laws
  • created law of retribution
Term

 

 

 

Book of the Dead

Definition

 

 

Described proper conduct needed for a happy afterlife

Term

 

 

Hewbrew Torah

Definition
  1. compries first 5 books of bible (genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, & deuteronomy)
  2. most sacred document of jews
  3. inspired by gods word
  4. revealed to prophet moses
  5. primary guide to relationship with god 
  6. shaped and informed christianity and islam
Term

 

 

Mahabharata

Definition
  1. major religious epic of ancient India
  2. touches upon dharma and karma
  3. dharma (righteousness)
  4. artha (human endeavour towards material pursuits)
  5. kama (desire)
  6. moksha (salvation)
  7. Major text of hinduism
Term

 

 

4 books and 5 classics

Definition
  • 4 books (great learning, doctrine of mean, analects of confucius, mencius)
  • 5 classics (classic of poetry, history, rites, changes, spring and autumn annals)
Term

 

 

Shaman

Definition

 

 

 

Spiritual leader

Term

 

 

Shaman Functions

Definition

 

 

 

Doctor, psychiatrist, oracle, medium, & priest

Term

 

 

Rite of Passage

Definition

 

 

Ceremony or ritual marking the transition from one stage of life to the next

Term

 

 

Vision Quest

(north american indian tribe)

Definition

 

 

an adolescent is required to discover his or her spirt guide by performing an extended and rigorous ritual

Term

 

 

 

New Zealand Creation Story

Definition
  • Rangi (father), Papa (mother) tightly locked in an embrace
  • Many children all male gods
  • Rangi god of the forest and brids forces parents apart
  • Rangi lives in sky Pap lives on earth
Term

 

 

Australia Creation Story

Definition
  • Dreamtime (sacred realm) where spirts of human created the word
  • The dreaming is the 1st dream that created world and established the patterns and cycles of life (eternal)
Term

 

 

Japan

Definition
  • Kamui creator of God lived above water
  • small sent into waters to create land
Term

 

 

Mali

Definition
  • Amma 1st spirt
  • crated nommo
  • nommo associated with water and fertility
Term

 

 

Canada

Definition
  • Raver (bird-god)
  • created water, mountains, and land by beating wings
  • peapods created first man
  • women created out of clay
Term

 

 

North America

Definition
  • wankan tanka destoryed ore-existing world by flood
  • Kanji (crow) begged for a new world
Term

 

 

Belief patterns of Indigenous religions

Definition
  • desire to influence events
  • concept of spirit
  • desire to connect to physical and spiritual realms
  • sense of sacredness
  • respect for and veneration of the spirtits
  • rites of passage
Term

 

 

Divine Command Theory

Definition

 

 

 

Idea that morality is whatever God or gods command

Term

 

 

Foundation of Ethics 

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

God's will

Term

 

 

Acceptance of Divine Command Theory Believe

Definition
  • God has determined moral rightness or wrongness of an action
  • believers must adhere to morality established by God
  • god's commandments should be obeyed before society's laws or secular moral codes
Term

 

 

Euthyphro Dilemma

Definition
  • challenge to DCT by plato
  • questions whether actions are R or W because of God's commands or if God makes certain commands because particular actions are R or W
  • Virtuous actions are those approved of by gods
Term

 

 

Natural Law

Definition

 

 

Morality indirectly depends on God because God is the ultimate source for those natural good goals

Term

 

 

Golden Rule

Definition
  • Maxim meant to guide our conduct towards others
  • general ethical code
  • Do unto others as you would have them do unto yourself
Term

 

 

Silver Rule

Definition

 

 

Do not do unto others as they wouldn't like done unto themselves

Term

 

 

Belief Systems

Definition

 

 

Influence the way a given culture perceives their world in both small and large

Term

 

 

Marriage 

(Christian)

Definition

 

 

Monogamous and prohibited from getting a divorce

Term

 

 

Marriage

(islam)

Definition

 

 

Allow a man up to 4 wives

Term

 

 

 

Oldest Religion

Definition

 

 

Hinduism

2000 BCE

Term

 

 

Magical Thinking

Definition

 

 

View that certian actions can bring about desired effect w/o direct causality

Term

 

 

Animism

Definition

 

 

Belief that a spirit is embodied in most if not all manifestations of the natural world

Term

 

 

Sikhism

Definition

 

 

Monotheistic religion founded in northern India and combines elements of Hinduism and Islam

Term

 

 

Pantheism

Definition

 

 

Belief that divine is manifested in nature itself

Term

 

 

Confucianism

Definition

 

 

Philosophical system based on theachings of Confucius, stressing moral order and harmony in thought and conduct

Term

 

 

Collective unconscious

Definition

 

 

Jungian concept of a level of unconscious thought and expereince shared collevtively by all humans

Term

 

 

BCE

Definition

 

 

Before Common Era

Term

 

 

CE

Definition

 

 

Common Era

Term

 

 

Ren

Definition

 

 

virtue of humaneness

Term

 

 

Secular

Definition

 

 

Not connected or concerned with religion or religious matters

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