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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that brakes down rock and other stances at Earth's surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
mechanical or physical weathering
Definition
breaks rock into pieces by freezing and thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals.
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process in which wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
that material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep thtough it
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
bed-rock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath soil.
Term
humus
Definition
a dark-colored oraganic material in soil
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that has a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials
Term
sub-soil
Definition
usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon.
Term
litter
Definition
the leaves plants shed
Term
decomposers
Definition
the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of soil.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
a resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of top-soil during the 1930s
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent it's destruction.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
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