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| Composed of the formal and informal institutions, people, and processes used to create and conduct public policy |
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| The exercise of government power in doing those things necessary to maintain legitimate authority and control over society |
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| Citizens meet and make decisions about public policy issues |
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| Citizens choose officials (representatives) who make decisions about public policy. |
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| Traditional Democratic Theory |
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| Government depends on the consent of the governed |
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| Interest groups compete in the political arena, with each promoting its policy preferences through organized efforts. Conflict among groups may result requiring bargaining and compromise |
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| A small number of powerful elite (corporate leaders, top military officers, government leaders) form an upper class, which rules in its own self-interest |
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| The hierarchical structure and standardized procedures of modern governments allow bureaucrats, who carry out the day-to-day workings of government to hold the real power over public policy |
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| Democracy is a system of many groups having so much strength that government is often pulled in numerous directions at the same time, causing gridlock and ineffectiveness |
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| Voluntary agreement between the government and the governed (John Locke) |
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| People are born with these...they are life, liberty, and property (John Locke) |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Thomas Jefferson adopted Locke's ideas in this document declaring America's independence from England |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| First national constitution for governing the American states |
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| System of government balancing power between the national and state levels |
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| Plan put forth by the Virginia delegation at the Constitutional Convention that favored the larger states |
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| Connecticut (Great) Compromise |
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| Settled the disputes between the states between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans |
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| Each state would count three-fifths of its slave population for purposes of determining both representation and taxation |
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| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise |
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| Congress was prohibited from taxing exports from the states and banning the slave trade for a period of 20 years |
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| Process of approving the Constitution that required 9 of 13 states to approve |
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| Supported a stronger central government with expanded legislative powers |
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| Defended the new government created under the Constitution |
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| Believed that the new Constitution gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments |
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| 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution that ensure fundamental liberties |
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| Details the structure of a government |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution that government is not all-powerful; government has only those powers given to it |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution that says the people are the source of the government's authority |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution that says that power is separated among three branches of government; each has its own powers and duties and is independent of and equal to the other branches |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution that says each branch is subject to restraints by the other two branches |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution that describes our government as a division of governmental powers between the national government and the states |
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| Changes to the Constitution that require both state and national action |
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| Basic principle of the Constitution though not mentioned in the Constitution it resulted from Marbury v. Madison |
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| Supreme Court decision that establishes the concept of Judicial Review |
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| A set of basic values and beliefs about a country or government that is shared by most citizens |
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| The process by which citizens acquire a sense of political identity |
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| Those individuals held in great respect because of their position, expertise, or personality, may informally and unintentionally exercise influence |
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| A collection of shared attitudes of many different people in matters relating to politics, public issues, or the making of public policy |
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| Early polls in the United States that emphasized asking the same question to a large number of people |
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| Those chosen to partipate in the poll must be representative of the general population and chosen at random |
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| Errors made due to oversampling or undersampling a group |
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| A consistent set of beliefs |
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| A set of beliefs about politics and public policy that creates the structure for looking at government and public policy |
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| Favors rapid, fundamental change in existing social, economic, or political order |
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| Supports active government in promoting individual welfare and supporting civil rights |
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| Political ideology that falls between liberal and conservative and which may include some of both |
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| Promotes a limited governmental role in helping individuals economically, supports tradtitional values and lifestyles, favors a more active role for goernment in promoting national security and approaches change cautiously |
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| Advocates a return to a previous state of affairs |
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