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Vocabulary Chapter 11
Dr. Nancy Loman
15
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2011

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Term
Altruism
Definition

 Unselfish interest in helping another person.

 
Term

Attribution theory

Definition
 The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior.
Term
Bystander effect
Definition
The tendency for an individual who observes an emergency to help less when other people are present than when the observer is alone.
Term

Cognitive dissonance

 

Definition

An individual's psychological discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Term
Conformity
Definition
A change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard.
Term
Fundamental attribution error
Definition

Observers' overestimation of the importance of internal traits and underestimation of the importance of external situations when they seek explanations of an actor's behavior.

 
Term
 Group polarization
Definition

The solidification and further strengthening of an individual's position as a consequence of a group discussion.

 
Term
Groupthink
Definition
The impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.
Term
Mere exposure effect
Definition
The phenomenon that the more we encounter someone or something, the more likely we are to start liking the person or thing even if we do not realize we have seen it before.
Term
Normative social influence
Definition

The influence others have on us because we want them to like us.

 
Term
Self-serving bias
Definition
The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny responsibility for our failures.
Term
Social contagion
Definition

Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

 
Term
Social facilitation
Definition

Improvement in an individual's performance because of the presence of others.

 
Term
Social identity theory
Definition
The view that our social identities are a crucial part of our self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about ourselves.
Term
Stereotype threat
Definition
An individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group.
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