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Vocab words
study cards for science test on faults, and earthquakes
29
Science
7th Grade
01/18/2012

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Term
moment magnitude scale
Definition
A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
Term
seismograph
Definition
The record of an earthquakes seismic waves produced by a seismograph.
Term
Richter scale
Definition
A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. -works by showing numbers of the magnitude of the earthquake
Term
magnitude
Definition
The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults.
Term
Mercalli scale
Definition
A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a certain place.
Term
surface waves
Definition
A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface.
Term
S waves
Definition
A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side.
Term
P waves
Definition
A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground.
Term
stress
Definition
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
Term
tension
Definition
stress that stretches rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.
Term
compression
Definition
Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
Term
Shearing
Definition
Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways motion.
Term
Shearing
Definition
Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways motion.
Term
normal Fault
Definition
type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward;-caused by tension.
Term
Hanging wall
Definition
The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
Term
footwall
Definition
the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
Term
Epicenter
Definition
The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquakes focus.
Term
Focus
Definition
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake.
Term
Earthquake
Definition
The shaking that results form the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
Term
plateau
Definition
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
Term
Reverse fault
Definition
A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in crust.
Term
Strike-slip fault
Definition
A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion.
Term
anticline
Definition
An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust.
Term
syncine
Definition
A downward fold in rock formed by compression.
Term
Liquefaction
Definition
The process by which an earthquake's violent movement turns loose soil into liquid mud.
Term
afterschok
Definition
an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.
Term
tsunami
Definition
A large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor.
Term
base-isolated building
Definition
A building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake.
Term
friction
Definition
the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
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