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Viruses
microbio unit 1
128
Microbiology
Professional
01/21/2014

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
viruses with 1-2 week incubation
Definition
enteroviruses, polimyelitis, measles, smallpox, chickenpox, mumps, rubella
Term
viruses with 2+ weeks incubation
Definition
mononucleosis, Hep-A, Hep-B, rabies, papilloma (warts), HIV
Term
Adenoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
Adenovirus
Term
Arenoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand (-)
Spherical
Envelope
Lassa fever, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Term
B19 key features
Definition
parvo, small, naked, icos, linear ssDNA
1/5 childhood diseases
erythemia infectiosum
aplastic crisis in chronically anemic
associated witha cute polyarthritis
in utero transmission --> spon abort
only 1 serotype
"slapped-face" or "lace-like" rash
no vaccine
Term
Bunyaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
California encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever virus, hanta virus
Term
CMV drugs
Definition
ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, phosphonoformate (foscarnet)
Term
CMV key features
Definition
herpes-beta, large, enhv, linear dsDNA, icos
most common cause of viral congenital defects
opportunistic pathogen
transmission: blood, body fluids, transplant, STD, in utero, birth, nursing
heterophile-negative mono
can present like Hep w/ neg HepA/B/C
causes many transplant failures
no vaccine
Term
Coronaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cyroplasm
Envelope
Coronavirus, SARS
Term
DNA viruses
Definition
Herpes, Hepadna, Adeno, Papova, Parvo, Pox
Term
Dengue key features
Definition
flavi, env, (+)ssRNA, icos
vector aedes, host = humans/monkeys
break-bone fever
no vaccine
Term
EBV key features
Definition
herpes-gamma, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
B cell parasite, stim growth and immortalize
heterophile Abs psositive infectious mono
binds to C3dR/CR2/CD21
harry cell leukoplakia
Downey cells (atypical T cells)
IgM to VCA, monospot, lymphocytosis
no vaccine
Term
Fiber protein
Definition
Virus attachment protein for adenovirus
Term
Filoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
(-) ssRNA
Filamentous
Envelope
Ebola
Term
Flaviviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohrdral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Yellow fever, dengue, west nile, hep-C, st. Louis enceohalitis
Term
G protein gp
Definition
Virus attachment protein for rabies virus
Term
HA gp
Definition
Virus attachment protein for influenza A and paramyxovirus
Term
HHV6/7 = Roseola
Definition
herpes-beta, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
1/5 childhood diseases
rapid high fever, general rash
Term
HHV8
Definition
herpes-gamma, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
Kaposi's sarcoma
produce homologues of IL-6, Bcl-2, chemokines and their receptors
Term
HIV drugs
Definition
NARTI: AZT, ddI, ddE, d4T, 3TC
NNRTI: nevirapine, delaviridine
protease inhibit: saquinavir, ritanavir, indinavir, nelfinavir
Fusion inhibit: enfuvirtide
Term
HIV key features
Definition
retro, env, 2x (+)ssRNA, RT, integrase [gag, env, pol]
binds to CD4R, CCR5, and CXCR4
syncytia forming
Tx: NARTI, NNRTI, FusionI, ProteaseI, HAART
no vaccine
Term
HPV key features
Definition
papilloma, naked, circular dsDNA
koilocytes, cauliflower warts
types 16 & 18 = cervical cancer risk
E6 inhbits p53, E7 inhibits pRB
does have vaccine (give to teen female)
Term
HSV and VZV drugs
Definition
acyclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, iododeoxyuridine, trifluridine
Term
HSV-1 key features
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
DR and IR brack UL and US segments
syncytia forming virus
associated with above waist infections
most common cause of sporadic encephalitis
no vaccine
Term
HSV-2 key features
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
DR and IR surround UL and US segmetns
syncytial forming
associate with infection below waist
viremia possible
neonatal transmission
no vaccine
Term
HTLV-1
Definition
retro, env, 2x(+)ssRNA, RT, integrase, [gag, pol, env]
long latency period
tax - transactivates IL-2 and IL-2R
ATLL
flower cells = pleomorphic and lobulated nuclei
Tx: AZT and interferon-alpha
no vaccine
Term
Hepadnaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA double stand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Envelope, spherical
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
Term
Herpesviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Envelope
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6/7, HHV8
Term
LCM key features
Definition
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
arena, env, 2 ssRNA circles, ambisense
vector: hamster/mouse
more often flu-like than meningitis
pervascular infiltrates in all neurons
no vaccine
Term
Lassa fever
Definition
arena, env, 2 ssRNA circles, ambisense
vector = rodent (fecal/oral, aerosol, direct contact) and human/human
coagulopathy, visceral hemorrhage
50% mortality
tx: ribavirin
no vaccine
Term
Negri bodies (associated with...)
Definition
rabies
Term
Noroviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Norwalk, calcivirus
Term
Orthomyxoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Influenza A, B, C
Term
Papovaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
Polyoma and papilloma
JC virus, BK virus, SV40
papillomavirus
Term
Paramyxoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand -
Helical symmetry
Replicate in cytoplasm
Envelope
Parainfluenza, measles, mumps, RSV
Term
Parvoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA single strand
Icoshedral symmetry
Replicate in nucleus
Naked
ParvoB19, adeno-associated virus
Term
Picornaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Rhino, polio, echo, coxsackie, hep-a
Term
Poxviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
DNA double stranded, complex
No icoshedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope, brick-shaped
Smallpox
Term
RSV and Lassa virus drug
Definition
ribavirin
Term
RSV key features
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
fatal acute respiratory tract infection
syncytia forming
low fever, tachypena and cardia, wheeze
ribavirn for severe and immunoglobulin for premies
no vaccine
Term
Reoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA double strand
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Naked
Rotavirus
Term
Retroviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Helical symmetry
Replicates in nucleus
Envelope
Human T-cell leukemic type I & II, HIV
Term
Rhabdoviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single stand -
Helical symmetry (bullet shape)
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Rabies
Term
Sigma-1 and VP7
Definition
Virus attachment protein for reoviruses (rotavirus)
Term
Togaviridae
(genetics, symmetry, replication site, envelope or naked, members)
Definition
RNA single strand +
Icosohedral symmetry
Replicates in cytoplasm
Envelope
Rubella, WEE &EEE
Term
VP1-VP2-VP3 complex
Definition
Virus attachment protein for Rhinovirus
Term
VZV key features
Definition
herpes-alpha, large, env, linear dsDNA, icos
1/5 classic childhood diseaes
"dew drop on rose petal" rash (seen on scalp)
adult 1* infec--> interstitial pneumonia
syncytia forming virus
vaccine (live attenuated) give to children and elderly
Term
WEE and EEE key features
Definition
alphaviruses, (+)ssRNA, env
vectors: aedes(E), culiseta, culex(W)
host: birds
decreased consciousness with enceph
chikungunya (arthritis)
vaccine for at risk
Term
adenovirus key features
Definition
adeno, linear dsDNA, nakid, icos, hemagglutinin
E1A and E1B inhibit pRN and p53
dense, intranuclear inclusion w/o cytomegaly
diarrhea in infants (type 40 and 42)
vaccine for type 4 and 7, give to military
Term
aerosol transmission
Definition
RSV, measles, mups, rubella, coxsackie B, rhino, adeno, B19, HSV-1, parainfluenza, coronavirus, influenxa A/B/C, VZV
Term
amantadine, rimantadine
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: influenza A
step: penetration and uncoating
Term
animal transmission
Definition
rabies, LCM, Lassa fever, hantavirus
Term
antisense oligonucdleotides
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: papillomavirus
step: transcription
Term
arboviruses
Definition
dengue, EEE, WEE, yellow fever, WNV, California encephalitis
Term
arildone, disoxaril, plecornaril
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: picornavirus
step: penetration and uncoating
Term
viruses with birth canal transmission
Definition
hep-B, HIV, HPV, HSV-2
Term
viruses with blood transmission
Definition
hep-C, hep-B, HTLV-1, HIV, CMV
Term
california encephalitis key features
Definition
bunya, env, L/M/S segments, (-)ssRNA
vector:L aedes, culiseta
flu-like or encephalitis (50% seizures)
no vaccine
Term
coronavirus key features
Definition
corona, env, (+)ssRNA
2nd most cause of common cold
causes SARS (trans: aero, urine, stool, sweat; high fever, cramps, dizzy, diff breathing, diarrhea)
transmission through aero or fecal/oral even though env virus
optimal temp = 33-35*C
quarantine SARS pts
no vaccine
Term
coxsackie A key features
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
binds to ICAM-1 and CD55
more severe in adults
vesicular lesion on uvula/soft palante
herpangia (anorexia), hand-foot-mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
no vaccine
Term
coxsakie B key features
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
bind to ICAM-1 and CD55
severe in infacnts, transplacental transmission possible
myocarditis, pleurodynia
looks like MI with a fever
no vaccine
Term
viruses with direct contact transmission (infected body fluids)
Definition
RSV, measles, mumps, Kaposi's, rhino, adeno, HPv, hep-A, roseola, CMV, EBV, parainfluenza, influenza A/B/C, VZV, HSV-2
Term
ebola key features
Definition
filo, filamentous, env, (-)ssRNA
severe/fatal hemorrhagic fever --> edema, hypovolemic shock
transmission: animal resevoirs, blood/body fluids, injection
90% mortality
Dx: BSL4
quarantine
no vaccine
Term
echovirus key features
Definition
picorna, small, icos, (+)ssRNA, naked
binds to CD55
aseptic meningitis is the worst case scenario
no vaccine
Term
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV
step: penetration and uncoating
Term
viruses with fecal/oral transmission
Definition
noro, rota, hep-A, hep-E, adeno, coxsackie A/B, polio
Term
foscarnet
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
pyrophosphate analog
non-nucleotide RT inhibitor
Tx for HIV and CMV retinitis
Term
viruses with genetic transmission
Definition
prions, retroviruses
Term
gp120
Definition
Virus attachment protein for HIV
Term
gp350 and gp220
Definition
Virus attachment protein for EBV
Term
guanidine
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: picornavirus
step: RNA synthesis
Term
hantavirus key features
Definition
bunya, env, L/M/S segments, (-)ssRNA
vector: rodents (close contact/aerosol)
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (interstitial edema, death via resp failure)
no vaccine
Term
hemagglutinin
Definition
viral attachment protein
binds to sialic acid on epithelial cell surface receptors
promotes fusion of viral envelope to cell membrane
Term
hep-B drugs
Definition
lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil
Term
hep-C drugs
Definition
interferon-alpha, ribavirin
Term
heparan, dextran sulfate
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV, HSV
step: attachment to cell
Term
hydrophobic substrate analogues
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV
step: assembly
Term
imiquimod, resiquimod, CpG oliogeoxygnucleotides
(immune activation mechanism)
Definition
bind TLRS, stimulate release of cytokines
activate NK cells
Term
influenza A and B drugs
Definition
zabamivir, oseltamivir
Term
influenza A drugs
Definition
amantadine, rimantadine
Term
influenza key features
Definition
orthomyxo, env, (-)ssRNA, 8 segments
antigenic drifts and shifts (mainly type A)
steal methylated cap from cell mRNA
HA and NA antigenes, Abs are protective
vaccine, annual 2 type A, 1 type B
Term
inhibit cellular protein synthesis
Definition
polioviruses, HSV, togaviruses, and poxviruses
Term
inhibit cellular protein synthesis and degrades cellular DNA
Definition
HSV
Term
interferon
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: Hep-A, B, and C; papillomavirus
step: transcription, protein synthesis
endogenous or exogenous
relapse after tx stopped
Term
interferon, ampligen, poly rI:rC
(immune activation mechanism)
Definition
exogenous interferons or induce interferon production
Term
isatin-Beta-thiosemicarbazone
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: poxvirus
step: induces mRNA degradation
Term
koilocytes
Definition
characteristic of HPV
enlarged keratinocytes with clear haloes around shrunken nuclei
Term
maternal-neonatal transmission
Definition
rubella, CMV, B19, echovirus, HSV, VZV
Term
measles key featrues
Definition
paramyxo, only 1 serotype, (-)ssRNA, env
syncytial forming, combined HA and NA form protein
3C's: cough, coryza, conjunctiva; photophobia, maculopapular rash; Koplick spots
complications: SSPE and giant cell pneumonia
lifelong immunity after recovery
MMR vaccine
Term
mumps key features
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
bilateral parotitis, testes inflamation, fever
50% chance of meninge involvment
only one serotype
MMR vaccine
Term
neuraminidase
Definition
glycoprotein
cleaves sialic acid
prevents virion clumping and facilitates the release of virus from infected cells
Term
neutralizzing antibodies
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: most viruses
step: attachment to cell
Term
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (list)
Definition
nevirapine, delavirdine
Term
nonoxynol-9
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV, HSV
step: virion integrity
Term
norovirus key features
Definition
noro, (+)ssRNA, naked
includes Norwalk, norwalk-like, calciviruses and more
six-point star, cup-indentations, or ragged outline cells
cruise ships
blunt villi, cytoplasmic vacuolations
no vaccine
Term
nucleoside analogues
(list)
Definition
ACV, AZT, GCV, valacyclovir, penciclovir, famciclovir, adefovir, cidovovir, adenosine arabinoside, lamivudine, ddE, ddI, idoxuridine, trifluidine
Term
nucleoside analogues
(target virus, step stopped)
two methods
Definition
target: herpesviridae, HIV, hepatitis B, poxvirus
step: DNA replication (polymerase)
2nd target: HSV, VZV
2nd step: nucleoside scavenging (thymidine kinase)
Term
owl's eye inclusion body
Definition
CMV histologic characteristic
Term
papillomavirus drugs
Definition
interferon-alpha
Term
parainfluenza key features
Definition
paramyxo, (-)ssRNA, env
#2 cause of URT infection in kids
laryngeotracheobronchitis (croup)
synytia forming
"seal bark" and "subglottal narrowing"
tx: nebulizer
no vaccine
Term
peptide analongues
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV
step: attachment to cell (gp120/CD4 recetor)
Term
phosphonoformate, phosphoacetic acid
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: herpes viruses
step: DNA replication (polymerase)
Term
picornavirus drug
Definition
pleconaril
Term
poliovirus key features
Definition
picorna, small, naked, (+)ssRNA, icos
attach to cell via PVR/CD155
asymptomatic, abortive poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, or paralytic polio
postpolio syndrome
asymmetric motor loss with no sensory loss
vaccine, erad in WestHemi, IPV and OPV forms
Term
rabies key features
Definition
rhabdo, env, bullet-shape, (-)ssRNA
hydrophobia, focal/generalized sezeisures, hallucinations, disoriented, paralysis
Negri bodies
non much inflammatory response
long incubation
vaccine: for animals and at-risk (workers, lab, endemic travel)
Term
rhinovirus key features
Definition
picorna, icos, small, (+)ssRNA, naked
most important cause of common cold and URT infections
infection can be initiated with 1 virion particle
runny nose due to bradykinin and histamine release by immune
no vaccine
Term
ribavirin
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: RSV, lassa fever virus, hantavirus
step: nuscleoside biosynthesis
safety concerns (carcinogenic)
Term
rotavirus key features
Definition
(reovirus), 10-12 segments, dsRNA, naked, db capsid
cause human infantile gastroenteritis
cause 50% of diarrhea in kids (dehydrated hospitalized)
intermediate/infectious subviral particle (ISVP) = VAP
NSP4 acts as toxin
no vaccine
Term
rubella key features
Definition
toga, (+)ssRNA, env, 1 serotype
1/5 childhood diseases
aka German measles
transplacental trans --> birth defects (cataracts, mental retardation, deafness)
MMR vaccine
Term
saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HIV
step: protease inhibitors
Term
sexual transmission
Definition
hep-B, HIV, HTLV-1, Kaposi's HSV-2, HPV,
Term
smallpox (variola) key features
Definition
poxvirus, largest, brick-shape, linear dsDNA
replicates in cytoplasm (carries necessary poylmerases)
characteristic rash
vaccine, give to suspectible, reduced administration since 1980
Term
toxic virion components
Definition
adenovirus fibers, reovirus NSP4 protein
Term
transplacental transmission
Definition
HIV, coxsackie B, B19, CMV
Term
tromantadine
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: HSV
step: penetration and uncoating
Term
tumorogenic: continual stimulation of cell growth due to damage induced by presence of virus
Definition
Hep-B and Hep-C
Term
tumorogenic: encodes growth-promoting cytokines
Definition
HHV8 = Kaposi's sarcoma
Term
tumorogenic: proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes
Definition
papillomavirus, SV40 virus, and adenovirus
Term
tumorogenic: stimulates cell growth by bcl-2 inductionh
Definition
EBV
Term
tumorogenic: transactivates genes for growth-stimulating cytokines
Definition
HTLV-1
Term
virus vectors for vaccines
Definition
vaccinia and canarypox
Term
viruses that cause syncytia
Definition
HSV, VZV, paramyxoviruses, HIV
Term
viruses with anti-viral treatments
Definition
HSV, VZV, CMV, HIV, influenza A and B, RSV, hep-B and hep-C, paillomavirus, picornavirus
Term
viruses with week or less incubation time
Definition
influenza, common cold, bronchiolitis (croup), adenoviruses, dengue, herpes simplex
Term
west nile key features
Definition
flavi, (+)ssRNA, env
vector = culex, host = birds
fever encephalitis, hepatits
no vaccine
Term
yellow fever key features
Definition
flavi, (+)ssRNA, env
vector = aedes, host = human/monkey
causes hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever
degen of liver, kidney, and heart
black vomit
live vaccine for at risk, cross-acting, lifelong
Term
zanamivir (relenza), oseltamvir (tamiflu)
(target virus, step stopped)
Definition
target: influenza
step: budding of progeny (inhibits neuraminidase)
Term
zoonoses (animal/insect) transmission
Definition
togaviruses (alpha), flaviviruses, bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, hantaviruses, rabies, influenza A, pox
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