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Anatomy: MM
MM
107
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
10/10/2014

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What structure is located palmar to the distal interphalangeal joint on both cats and dogs?
Definition
-digital pads
Term
Function/Innervation of Cuntaneus Trunci m.
Definition

-Function: skin twitch

-Innervation: thoracic n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Superficial Pectoral mm
Definition

-Origin: first 1-2 (sometimes 3) sternebrae

-Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

-Function: Adduct TL; NOT weight bearing

-Innervation: cranial pectoral nn (C7, C8)

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervatoin: Deep Pectoral M
Definition

-Origin: Entire ventral sternum

-Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

-Function: adduct TL

   WEIGHT BEARING

-Innervation: caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)    

 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Brachiocephalicus
Definition

-Origin: clavical, nuchal crest of occipital bone, mastoid part of temporal bone

-Insertion: craniodistal humerus

-Function: advance the limb, draw neck laterally (wt bearing)

-Innervation: Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Sternocephalicus 
Definition

-Origin: nuchal crest and mastoid part (temporal bone)

-Insertion: manubrium of sternum

-Function: draw head and neck laterally

-Innervation: Accessory nerve & ventral br of cervical spinal n

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation/Antagonist: Sternohyoideus 
Definition

-Origin: first costal and first sternebrae cartilage

-Insertion: basihyoid cartilage

-Function: draw larynx and tongue caudally

-Innervation: ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervatoin/Antagonist: Omotransversarius
Definition

-Origin: Wing of atlas

-Insertion: Acromion (scapula)

-Function: advance limb or flex neck laterally (wt bearing)

-Innervation: Accessory nerve

Term
Where are the superficial cervial lymph nodes located? Function?
Definition

-cranial to the scapula and deep to omotransversarius

-to drain lymph from head, neck, and TL

Term
Definition: Supraspinous ligament
Definition
-connects the dorsal aspects of all veterbal spines except the cervical vertebrae
Term
Definition: Nuchal Ligament
Definition
-extends from the spine of the first thoracic vertebra to the spine of the axis
Term
Definition: Median Raphe of the Neck
Definition
-longitudinal fibrous septum between right and left epaxial muscles dorsal to the nuchel ligament
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervatoin/Antagonist: Trapezius 
Definition

-Origin: median raphe of neck and supraspinous ligament from C3-T9

-Insertion:spine of scapula

-Function: elevate TL

-Innervation: Accessory n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Rhomboideus
Definition

-Origin: nuchal crest (occipital bone) to spinous process T7

-Insertion: dorsal border of Scapula

-Action: elevate TL, draw scapula against trunk

-Innervation: ventral br of cervical and thoracic spinal n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Latissmus Dorsi
Definition

-Origin: spinous processes T6-L7 and caudal ribs

-Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus bone

-Function: draw TL caudally (digging)

-Innervation: Thoracodorsal n. (C7, C8, T1)

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Serratus Ventralis mm. 
Definition

-Origin: transvers processes of C3-C7 and first 7 ventral ribs

-Insertion: Serrated face of Scapula

-Function: support trunk, depress scapula

-Innervation: ventral br of cervical spinal n and long thoracic nerve (C7)

Term
Why do you rarely see the clavicle in a radiograph of an adult dog?
Definition

 

It is mostly cartilage, thus not very much tissue the trunk of the body.

 

Term
What is a synsarcosis?  
Definition

Union of limbs to the trunk of the body

 

Term
What is the field of drainage for the superficial cervical lymph node?
Definition
Head, neck, and appropriate TL        
Term
What’s a Bursa?
Definition
A closed CT sac containing synovial fluid, helps reduce friction
Term
What causes generic lymph node enlargement?
Definition
Infection
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Deltoideus
Definition

-Origin: acromion AND spine of scapula

-Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

-Function: flex shoulder joint

-Ennervation: axillary n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Infraspinatous
Definition

-Origin: infraspinous fossa

-Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

-Function: lateral stabilization of the shoulder joint

-Innervation: Suprascapular n.

Term
Where is tndinous Subtendinous Synovial Bursa?
Definition
-between tendon of insertion of Infraspinatous and Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Supraspinatus
Definition

-Origin: Supraspinous fossa (scapula)

-Insertion: Greater Tubercle of Humerus

-Function: lateral stabilizer of shoulder joint

-Innervation: Suprascapular n.

 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Subscapularis
Definition

-Origin: Subscapular fossa (scapula)

-Insertion: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

-Function: Medial stabilizer of shoulder joint

-Innervation: subscapular n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Teres Major
Definition

-Origin: Caudal angle AND border of scapula

-Insertion: Teres major tuberosity (humerus)

-Function: Flex shoulder joint

-Innervation: axillary nerve

Term
Which muscle serves as a medial stabilizer of the shoulder joint?  
Definition
Subscapularis m.
Term
How might you detect lack of function for shoulder mm. stabilizers?
Definition

 

Have the animal walk/ stand

 

Term
How would the humerus move relative to the scapula if these lateral shoulder joint stabilizers were lost?
Definition
Proximal end would move laterally and distal end would move medially 
Term

Note: Cat biceps brachii m. inserts only on radius, brachialis m. inserts only on ulna 

intertubercular bursa - mis-named in dog, cat, sheep - correctly named in horse, cow & humans

Definition
Term
Note: Supinator m. is a lateral rotator of cat distal forearm / paw (also primates).
Definition
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Triceps Brachii
Definition

-Origin:

Long head: Caudal border of scapula

Others: Proximal humerus

-Insertion: Olecranon tuber

-Function:

Long head: flex shoulder joint and extend elbow joint

Others: extend elbow joint

-Innervation: Radial n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Biceps brachii
Definition

-Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle

-Insertion: Ulnar and radial tuberosities (only radial in cats)

-Function: Flex elbow, extend should joint

-Innervation: Musculocutaneous n.

Term
Definition: Transverse Humeral Retinaculum
Definition

-a band of fibrous tissue that joinand s the greater and lesser tubercles

-hold the tedon of origin in the intertubercular groove

Term
Definition: Intertubercular bursa
Definition
-an extension of the shoulder joint capsule acts as a synovial sheath for the tendon of the biceps brachii m
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Brachialis
Definition

-Origin: Proximal/lateral third of humerus

-Insertion: Ulnar and radial tuberosities (ulnar only in cat)

-Function: Flex the elbow joint

-Innervation: Musculocutaneous n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Extensor Carpi Radialis
Definition

-Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest (femur)

-Insertion: dorsal base of metacarpals II and III

-Function: extend carpus

-Innervation: radial n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Common Digital Extensor
Definition

-Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus bone

-Insertion: extensor processes of distal Phalanges II-V

-Function: extend four digits II-V and carpus

-Innervation: Radial n.

Term
Definition: Extensor Retinaculum
Definition
-transversely oriented condensation of carpal fascia that aids in holding in grooves all tendons that cross ver extensor carpi radialis
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Lateral Digital Extensor
Definition

-Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: extensor processes of proximal phalanges of III-V

-Function: extend carpus and joints of digits III-V

-Innervation: radial n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Ulnaris lateralis
Definition

-Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: proximal end of metacarpal V and Accessory carpal bone

-Function: support carpus when weight bearing

-Innervation: radial n.

 

***aka extensor carpi ulnaris

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Supinator
Definition

-Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: cranial proximal radius

-Function: rotate forearm laterally

-Innervation: radial n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Pronator teres
Definition

-Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: proximal third of radius

-Function: rotate forearm medially

-Innervation: median n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Definition

-Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: palmar base of metacarpals II and III

-Function: flex carpus

-Innervation: median n.

 

Term
Where is the flexor retinaculum located?
Definition
-on palmar side of carpus
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Superficial digital flexor
Definition

-Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: palmar base of middle phalanges II-V

-Function: flex carpus and digits II-V

-Innervation: median n.

Term
Function of Flexor Manica
Definition
-CT collar of SDF at each metacarpophalangeal joint of around DDF
Term
The superficial flexor tendon with its sheath and the deep flexor tendon are in a common synovial membrane called...?
Definition
-Digital Synovial sheath
Term
Which ligament crosses the flexor manica?
Definition
-Palmar annular ligament
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition

-Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: accessory carpal bone

-Function: carpal joint flexion

-Innervation: ulnar nerve

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Deep Digital Flexor
Definition

-Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

-Insertion: palmar flexor tubercle of distal phalanx of each digit

-Function: flex carpus and digits

-Innervation: median and ulnar nn

Term
Function/Location of Annular digital ligament(s)
Definition
-support the deep digital flexor tendon proximal and distal to the palmar surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint
Term
Definition: Interossi mm
Definition

-4 of them

-lie deep to the deep digital flexor tendons and cover the palmar surfaces of the 4 main metacarpal bones

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Biceps Femoris
Definition

-Origin: sacrotuberous ligament and ischiatic tuberosity

-Insertion: tuber calcanei

-Function: extend hip, stifle, and hock

-Innervation: sciatic n.

 

**common calcanean tendon

**longest widest 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Semitendinosus
Definition

-Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

-Insertion:  tuber calcanei

-Function: extend hip/hock AND flex stifle

-Innervation: sciatic n.

 

**common calcaneal tendon

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Semimembranosus
Definition

-Origin: ischiatic tuberosity

-Insertion: proximal tibia

-Function: extend hip, stifle (or flex)

-Innervation: sciatic n.

 

 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Sartorius
Definition

-Origin:

     Cranial: Iliac crest

     Caudal: Craniovetnral iliac spine

-Insertion:

     Cranial: Patella

     Caudal: Cranial border of tibia

-Function:

     Cranial: flex hip, extend stifle

     Caudal: flex hip, flex stifle

-Innervation: femoral n.

 

**can act as its own antagonist 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Gracilis
Definition

-Origin: pelvic symphysis

-Insertion: tuber calcanei

-Function: adduction of limb, flex stifle, extend hip

-Innervation: obturator n.

 

**common calcaneal tendon 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Pectineus
Definition

-Origin: iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle

-Insertion: caudal face of femur

-Function: adduct PL

-Innervation: Obturator n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Adductor
Definition

-Origin: pubic symphysis

-Insertion: caudal face of femur

-Function: adduction of PL

-Innervation: obturator n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Tensor Fasciae Latae
Definition

-Origin: tuber coxae

-Insertion: lateral femoral fascia

-Function: flex hip joint, extend stifle joint

-Innervation: cranial gluteal n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Superficial Gluteal
Definition

-Origin: sacrum to iliac spine

-Insertion: third trochanter of femur

-Function: extend hip joint

-Innervation: caudal gluteal n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Middle Gluteal
Definition

-Origin: gluteal surface of ilium

-Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

-Function: extension of hip joint

-Innervation: cranial gluteal n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Deep Gluteal
Definition

-Origin: body of ilium and ischiatic spine

-Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

-Function: extension of hip joint

-Innervation: cranial gluteal n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Quadriceps Femoris
Definition

-Origin:

Rectus Femoris: ilium

Vasti muscles (lateralis, intermedius, medialis): proximal/caudal femur

-Insertion: tibial tuberosity

-Function: Rectus: extend stifle joint, flex hip joint

                  Vastus: extend stifle joint

-Innervation: femoral n.

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Iliopsoas
Definition

-Origin: Lumbar vertebrae and ilium

-Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

-Function: major hip flexor m

-Innervation: ventral branches of lumbar spinal nn, femoral n

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Cranial Tibial
Definition

-Origin: cranial border of proximal tibia

-Insertion: plantar surface of base of metatarsals I and II

-Function: flex hock joint

-Innervation: fibular n.

 

**goes through crural extensor retinaculum 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Long Digital Extensor
Definition

-Origin: extensor fossa of femur

-Insertion: extensor processes of base of distal phalanges II-V

-Function: extension of digits II-V, flex tarsus

-Innervation: fibular n.

 

**through crural flexor retinaculum and tarsal flexor retinaculum 

Term
Definition: Crural Extensor Retinaculum
Definition
extension of stifle joint capsule that lubricates the tendon of origin of long digital extensor
Term
Definition: Tarsal Extensor Retinaculum
Definition
-hold the four tendons of insertion for long digital extensor in place
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Fibularis longus
Definition

-Origin: lateral collateral ligament of stifle joint

-Insertion: plantar base of metatarsals

-Function: flex hock joint

-Innervation: fibular n.

Term
Note: Pronator teres m. medial rotator of manus (cat and primates)
Definition
Term
What is the carpal canal?
Definition
-formed by the accessory carpal bone laterally, the palmar carpal ligament and the carpal bones dorsally, and the flexor retinaculum on the palmar surface
Term
How do you recognize the flexor manica vs the palmar annular ligament?
Definition
Term
Note: cat has no sacrotuberous ligament
Definition
Term
What is the field of drainage for the popliteal lymph node?
Definition
superficial regions of the posterolateral aspect of the leg and the plantar aspect of the foot
Term
What is the femoral triangle?
Definition
-a shallow triangular space through which the femoral vessels run to and from the pelvic limb on proximal medial surface of the thigh
Term
What is likely to happen with crural extensor retinaculum rupture?
Definition
Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Sternothyroideus
Definition

-Origin: firsgt costal cartilage

-Insertion: caudolateral thyroid cartilage

-Function: draw larynx and tongue caudally

-Innervation: ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Gastrocnemius
Definition

-Origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

-Insertion: tuber calcanei

-Function: extend hock joint, flex stifle joint

-Innervation: Tibial n. 

 

***common calcanean tendon 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Superficial Digital Flexor PL
Definition

-Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur

-Insertion: bases of middle phalanges of digits II-V

-Function: digital joint flexion of II-V, flex stifle joint, extend tarsus

-Innervation: tibial n. 

 

**has calcaneal bursa unter its tendon as it crosses tuber calcanei

**sandwiched between heads of gastrocnemius 

**Forms flexor manica aroud tendons of deep digital flexor 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Deep Digital Flexor 
Definition

-Origin: proximal tibia and fibula

-Insertion: plantar base of distal phalanges 

-Function: flex digits, extend tarsus

-Innervation: tibial n. 

Term
Origin/Insertion/Function/Innervation: Popliteus
Definition

-Origin: lateral epicondyle of femur

-Insertion: proximal caudal tibia

-Function: rotate leg medially

-Innervation: tibial n 

 

**popliteal sesamoid on lateral condyle of tibia 

Term
Definition: Flexor Retinaculum PL
Definition

-medial tuber calcanei

-surrounds deep digital flexor 

Term
Definition: Crural and Tarsal Retinaculum
Definition

-Crural covers Cranial tibial m and Long digital extensor tendon 

-Tarsal covers ONLY Long Digital Extensor Tendon 

Term
What four caudal hip muscles that rotate PL laterally, act as antagonists of gluteals, and lateral hip joint stability?
Definition

-internal obturator

-external obturator

-quadriceps femoris

-gemelli

Term
Where does the subtendinous bursa lie?
Definition
-between the tendon of the long head of the triceps brachii m and the groove in olecranon
Term
Where does the subtendinous bursa lie?
Definition
-lies between the tendon of the long head of the triceps brachii m and the groove of the olecranon
Term
Where does the Intertubercular bursa lie?
Definition

-it is actually a synovial pouch that functions as a synovial sheath

-extension of shoulder joint capsule around tendon of origin inintertubercular groove

Term
Definition: Carpal canal
Definition
-formed by accessory carpal bone laterally, palmar carpal ligament and carpal bones dorsally, and flexor retinaculum palmar
Term
Location/Function: Interossei mm
Definition

-FOUR OF THEM

-lie deep to DDF tendons and vocer palmar surface of four main metacarpal bones

-proximal sesamoids imbedded in tendons of insertion at proximal phalanges II-V

Term
What are the caudal hip musclees? What do they do?
Definition

-obutrator, gemelli, quadratus femoris, and external obturator

-ass function as antagonists to the medial rotation action of the gluteal mm

Term
Location: Longus capitis
Definition

-lateral surface of cervical vertebrae

(lateral to longus colli)

Term
Location: Longus colli
Definition
-covers ventral vertebral bodies from Atlas to T6
Term
Function/Fiber Direction: External Intercostal
Definition

-Function: fixation in respiration

-fibers run caudoventrally  Cr\\\\\\\\\\\\Cd

Term
Function/ Fiber Direction: Internal Intercostal
Definition

-Function: fixation in respiration

-fibers run cranioventrally  Cr/////////Cd

Term
Location/Fiber Direction: External Abdominal Oblique
Definition

-Location: ventral half of lateral thoracic wall and lateral part of abdominal wall

-Fiber Direction: caudoventrally Cr\\\\\\\\\\\\Cd

Term
Definition: Linea alba
Definition
-midventral abdominal wall that is the insertion for External Abdominal Oblique
Term
Definition: Superficial Inguinal Ring
Definition

-separation in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle

-it is the external opening of the inguinal canal

Term
Definition: Inguinal Canal
Definition

-in male: vaginial tunic and spermatic cord pass through here

-in female: vaginal process passes through here

-in both: above and external pudendal a/v and genitofemoral n

Term
Definition: Deep Inguinal Ring
Definition
-formed on inside of abdominal wall by the annular reflection of transversalis fascia onto the vaginal tunic or process
Term
Definition: Inguinal Ligament
Definition
-caudal border of the external abdominal oblique that terminates on the iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon
Term
Definition: Vascular lacuna
Definition
-base of the femoral triangle (femoral vessels), inguinal ligament is cranial border of vascular lacuna and caudal border of inguinal canal
Term
Location/Fiber Direction: Internal Abdominal Oblique
Definition

-Location: just deep to External Abdominal Oblique

=>fuses with EAO aponeurosis to form external sheath over rectus abdominis

=>in males, caudal fibers form cremaster m (follows vaginal trunk)

-Fiber direction: craniocentrally Cr///////////Cd

Term
Location/Fiber direction: Transversus abdominis
Definition

-Location: medial to Internal Abdominal Oblique and Rectus Abdominis

-Fiber direction: Transverse Cr llllllllllll Cd

 

Term
Location/Fiber Direction: Rectus abdominis
Definition

-Location: from pecten to sternum

-Fiber direction: longitudinal Cr =======Cd

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