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Vert Lecture 16 Review
BIO 434 Exam 3
15
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
11/20/2011

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Term
Heart
Definition
4 Chambers serparated by valves that prevent backflow of blood.
Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
Term
Heart: Frogs
Definition
Sinus Venosus, 2 atria, 1 ventricle with trabeculae, conus arteriosus.
Term
Heart: Reptiles
Definition
Sinus Venosus, 2 atria, 1 ventricle with 3 compartments OR sinus venosus, 2 atria, 2 ventricles
Term
Heart: Birds
Definition
2 atria, 2 ventricles, sinus venosus, conus (pulmonary/aortic trunks).
Term
Heart: Mammals
Definition
2 atria, 2 ventricles, sinus (pacemaker), conus (pulmonary/aortic trunks).
Term
Heart: Fish vs. Tetrapods
Definition

Fish: SV, A, V, CA

 

Tetrapods: 2A, 2V

 

CA is the aortic and pulmonary trunk in tetrapods.

Term
Human Heart
Definition

Separated into four chambers: RA,LA,RV,LV

Atria are small and thin-walled.

Ventricles have the most mass of the heart.

 

Internal Valves:

  1. R atrioventricular valve.
  2. L atrioventricular valve.
  3. Pulmonary semilunar valve (b/t R vent and pulm trunk,aorta)
  4. Aortic Semilunar valve (b/t L vent and aorta)
Term
Layers of the human heart
Definition

Epicardium (outter)

Myocardium (middle)

Endocardium (inner)

Term
Pericardial Sac
Definition

Double-walled pericardium that covers the heart.

Inner wall = fibrous.

Outter wall = serous (secretes a fluid that helps beat without friction and allows electrical impulse).

Term
Left side of the heart
Definition

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps the blood to the systemic circuit.

Higher Pressure.

Term
Right Side of the Heart
Definition
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit.
Term
Chorae Tendinae
Definition
Attached to the cusps of the valves as an anchor to prevent them from flapping back into the atrium.
Term
Septum
Definition
Separates the L and R sides of the heart.
Term
Pulmonary Circuit
Definition

(Deoxygenated)

Enters R Atrium->R AV valve->RV->Pulmonary Semilunar Valve->Pulmonary Trunk->Pulmonary Arteries->Lungs->Pulmonary Veins

Term
Systemic Circuit
Definition
Enters LA from Pulmonary Veins->L AV Valve->LV->Aortic semilunar valve->aorta->body/organs->superior/inferior vena cavae->RA
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