The Nightmare

Fuseli

1781

Demon called Incubus

Erotic

Studied in Rome, liked Michelangelo

Elohim Creating Adam

William Blake

1795

Color print

Elohim=God (Hebrew)

God subjecting man to materiality

Large Odalisque

Ingres

1814

Raft of the Medusa

Gericault

1818-1819

African on top=equality

No one bought it, went on tour

History painting

*See notes

Liberty Leading the People: July 28, 1830

Delacriox

1830

Memorial of uprising

Aligorical figure of France

Not actual event

Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

from Los Caprichos

Goya

1799

series of 80 etchings

Studied Velasquez/Rembrandt

Was court painter (Rococo)

Family of Charles IV

Goya

1800

painted himself in (like Velasquez)

Third of May 1808

Goya

1814-1815

White shirt - Jesus like

Warning people

French soldiers

Nebel (Fog)

Friedrich

1807

German

Nature is important to him

has famous quote

The White Horse

Constable

1819

Counter industrialization

Art- detailed truthful record of nature

Snowstorm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing Alps

Turner

1812

Dramatic landscape

Changed water color tradition (w/o underpainting)

Hannibal crossed on elephant

History painting (218 BCE)

Wanderer Abover the Sea of Fog

Caspar David Friedrich

1818

Dramatic landscape

Abbey in an Oak Forest

Friedrich

1810

Small figures: Nature >

The Oxbow

Thomas Cole

1836

from England(portraits), moved to USA (landscapes)

Launched Hudson RIver School

Mt. Holy Oak, Connecticut River

smokestacks-industrialization

Oxbow- country's antiquity

Fur Traders Descending the Missouri

George Caleb Bingham

1845

First to live/work in W. USA

Supported by American Art Union (NY)

French migrants

Sticks and haze reminds ppl of danger of W.

Departure of the Volunteers of 1792

Francois Rude

1833-1836

Napoleon started Arc

Arc de Triomphe (Paris)

Neoclassical looking

Dramatic

Forever Free

Edmonia Lewis

1867

Black/Native American woman sculptor

Got degree from Oberlin college

Gender hierarchy

Moved to Rome shortly after

Cafe House Cairo

Gerome

1870's

Oriental interest started when Napoleon invaded Egypt

Making bullets

The Stonebreakers

Courbet

1849

Born in Ornans, France

in Paris during 1848 revo.

Making gravel

Lowest class of workers - meant to dignify them

"First socialist painting"- French philosopher

8 1/2' wide

Burial at Ornans

Courbet

1849

Showed at exhibition at Academy

Crit. for being boring

No suggestion of afterlife

Socialist

in Salon at French Academy

The Gleaners

Millet

1857

Barbizon-small town outside of Paris (moved there)

Difficulties/Pleasures of rural life

picking up wheat that hasnt been cut

Called socialist but wasnt

First Leaves, Near Nantes

Corot

1855

Barbizon painter

Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of the Vines

Rosa Bonheur

1849

Parents were socialists/feminists

liked to paint livestock

Got permission from POlice to dress as man to go to slaughter house

Showed 8 paintings in Salon 1848

Won Legion of Honor's Grand Cross

Third Class Carriage

Daumier

1862

Right after housemantization of Paris

Division of class

Part of Generation of 1848

Print

Rue Transnonian

Daumier

1834

Rue is st. name

Murder scene

Barge Haulers of the Volga

Repin

1870-1873

Russia

The Wanderers (Group of realist artists)

Young guy in the middle - call to action

Ancient Ruin in the Cañon de Chelley, Arizona

Timothy O'Sullivan

1837

Civil War photographer (Matthew Brady- most famous)

Asst. of Brady

The Blue Boat

Wilson HOmer

1892

Reporter/Illustrator for Harper's Weekly

Spent 10 months in France

Watercolor

Impressionistic but realist

The Gross Clinic (Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross)

Thomas Eakins

1875

Born in Philly, studied in Philly Academy

Took classes at Med school

Appt as director of Penn Academy of Art

didnt get salon space

Charles Bodeler - paint heroism of moedrn life

Jefferson Medical College

The Banjo Lesson

Henry Ossawa Tanner

1893

student of Eakins

Atlanta, moved to Paris

Mix impressionism w/ realism

Black artist

Paris Street, Rainy Day

Gustave Caillebolte

1877

La Pia de 'Tolomei

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

1868

One of 7 founding members of the Pre-Raphelite Brohood

Story from Dante's Pregatory

The Luncheon on the Grass

Manet

1863

Salon of the rejected

Combo of many painting styles

Nymph and Satyr

Bougurereau

1873

VMFA

Olympia

Manet

1863

Flatness (Japenese prints)

in Salon of the rejected in 1865

Titian's Venus

questions/undermines old paintings

Impression, Sunrise

Monet

1872

Painting en plein air

called impressionist as insult

Boulevard des Capucines, Paris

Monet

1873-1874

Summer's Day

Berthe Morisot

1879

Feminist - continued to paint after mariage

Sketch aesthetics - feathery brushstrokes

Young Woman Watering a Shrub

Morisot

1876

VMFA

Rehearsal of the Ballet on Stage

Edgar Degas

1874

Painted leisurely activity after 70's

Draw attn to ballet by defamiliarazing it

Angle comes from japan prints

Photographhy compostitional mode

Mother and Child

Mary Cassatt

1890

American; moved to France

Penn Academy of Fine Arts

Fighting against stereotypes of women

Floral patterns - Japan

Impression/Realism

Luncheon of the Boating Party

Renoir

1881

Triangular

Not a fleeting moment

Pensive

Renoir

1908

VMFA (melon)

Nocturne in Black and Gold (Falling Rocket)

James Whistler (American)

1875

surrounded by realists -->moved to London

Abstract (subject matter - paint)

Nocturne- music : harmonies of color

Art Nouveau - inspired by Whistler

Liked Japanese prints - drove him away from western styles

Stairway, Tassel House, Brussels

Victor Horta

1892-1893

Art Nouveau

Casa Batlló

Antonio Gaudi

1904-1907

Mixed Islamic and other styles from Spain (gothic etc)

The Artist's Studio

Daguerre

1837

First daguerrotype

Art photography

Boulevard du Temple

Daguerre

First photo of person

Stood still for 10 mins

Paris

View from the window at le Gras

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

1826-1827

First to fix image to paper

Disreguarded

Camera obscura

8hr exposure

Latticed Window at Labbock Abbey

Fox Talbot

1835

Oldest negative in existance

William Henry Fox Talbot

1844-1846

Calotype-use negative- 1837 (can make duplicates)

6 parts

Made dates earlier to make himself look better

The Open Door

Fox Talbot

1843

Calotype

in Pencil of Nature

Portrait of Thomas Carlyle

Julia Margaret Cameron

1867

Was painter

blurred images for artfulness

Pre-raphaelites

Opera House

Garnier

1861-1874

built on cast-iron frame

Grand Staircase, Opera House

Garnier

1861-1874, Paris

Neo-baroque

Napoleon 3 urged to go back to baroque

Overly opulant

Eiffel Tower

Eiffel

1887

Cast iron

984 ft

modern: passenger elevators

iron - fire hazzard

replaced by steel

Wainwright Building

Louis Sullivan

1890-91

St. Louis

Chicago school - group of archs btwn modern and historical ideas

3 levels

"First modern skyscraper"

Steel frame - verticals

Mont Sainte-Victoire

Paul Cezanne

1885-1887

Earlier romantic works rejected by academy

Pissarro influenced him to change his style

"Sensations of nature"

Tension between 2D and 3D

Still Life with a Basket of Apples

Cezanne

1885-1887

Disreguarded rules of representation

"Something other than reality"

Still Life with Plaster Cupid

Cezanne

1895

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Georges Seurat

1884-1886

"Avant-garde" : upcoming in the art world - military term - Saint-Simon

Pointelism/Divisionism

Law of simultaneous contrast - Michel-Eugene Chevreul

Satire on society some say

Mahana no Atua (Day of the God)

Paul Gaughin

1894

Saw art as escape from life

Stockbroker - hated capitalism

wanted a more primitive life - moved to Tahiti

Came back to France

The Starry Night

Van Gogh

1889

Dutch, moved to Paris

Pointelism w/ lines and dashes

Wanted to go back to pre-industrial life

Friends with Gaughin - moved to Arles - didnt last

Symbolic of death and eternal life - stars

The Scream

Edvard Munch

1893

Saw works of Gauguin

From NOrway

Alienated in modern society

Jane Avril

Henri Toulouse-Lantrec

1893

Changes in modern world

Monmartre - entertainment district in Paris

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Jap prints

Letters-art nouveau

Place de Lices, Saint-Tropez

Paul Signac

1893

Seurat-pointelism

traditional subject/modern techniques

neo-impressionist

aka Opus 242 - musical

Jap prints

Burghers of Calais

Auguste Rodin

1884-1889

Rejected from school of fine arts in Paris

at dissadv. was assistant

Commemorate 100 yrs war

Volunteers to surrender themselves to save city

The Waltz

Camille Claudel

1892-1905

Worked in Rodin's studio - dated him

Originally nude - recast w/ clothes bc of govt censorship

drapery - art nouveau