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vasculature
vasculature
75
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/12/2012

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Term
capillaries are pretty much sites of WHAT
Definition
sites of exchange
Term
what is the structure of vessel walls from the inside out
Definition
tunica interta>tunica media>tunica externa
Term
tunica interna-makes up what part of the vessel
Definition
the endothelium, single layer of cells. side facing lumen, per say
Term
tunica media-what is it made of
Definition
circular smooth musle-elastin
Term
tunica externa-what is it made of
Definition
collagen, (which is connective tissue)
Term
pressure gradient governs WHAT
Definition
the flow, of blood in this case
Term
in terms of the body, what force OPPOSES flow
Definition
vascular resistance (R)
Term
in terms of vessel what determines flow
Definition
vessel radius (r) little r lolz
Term
so what is fricks law, the formula is?
Definition
flow is (change in P)/R

R is vascular resistance.
Term
what in the body produces the pressure gradient. what is this "pressure" called?
Definition
the heart! pushing blood around. blood pressure.
Term
what causes most resistance in terms of blood flow
Definition
friction between blood and walls of blood vessel
Term
3 sources of resistance in terms of blood flow
Definition
1. blood viscosity
2.length of vessel
3. vessel radius
Term
in poiseuille's law..which factors are physiologically controlled?
Definition
Change in big P, and little r (vessel radius)
Term
what does poisuille's law state
Definition
the there will be a pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe
Term
what is critical closing pressure-
Definition
the pressure that below which a vessel will collapse and stop blood flow
Term
what is laplace's law state?
Definition
the force (or tension) streching a vessel wall open is proportional to the vessel's diameter X BP

so pretty much a bigger vessel will have more tension. thats why aneurysms tend to happen in larger vessels
so the
Term
whats the laplace formula
Definition
tension alpha(proportional) radius*pressure
Term
in terms of vessel whats does compliance mean?
Definition
means they can stretch to accommodate a higher volume of blood
Term
if a vessel if highy or not very compliant what does that mean
Definition
highly compliant-can accomodate a large increase in volume of blood, even with a small increase in pressure

not very compliant-these vessels are stiffer and do not accommodate a large increase in volume when P increases
Term
vascular compliance formula
Definition
increase in V/increase in P
Term
at what point in the systemic circulation is there a stepp drop in vessel pressure
Definition
arterioles
Term
what are the two types of arteries
Definition
muscular and elastic
Term
are arteries high or low resistance pipes.

what is the other function of arteries, esp elastic arteries
Definition
low resistance

they function as a pressure reservoir
Term
during systole. the stroke volume of blood is being ejected, which stretches out what type of walls in what type of arteries
Definition
compliant walls, in elastic arteries
Term
when systole end stretches arterial walls recoile, continuing to drive blood into __________ during ________
Definition
arterioles, diastole
Term
does arterial pressure drop to zero during diastole?
Definition
FUCK NO bp is 120 over FUCKING 80!!!!
Term
during diastole does ventricular pressure drop to almost zero?
Definition
YES
Term
pulse pressure formula
Definition
systolic-diastolic pressure
Term
blood pressure formula
Definition
force/unit area exerted by blood on wall of blood vessel
Term
when do you here the 1st "bumps" of the systolic pressure when taking a bp
Definition
when the pressure of the cuff drops just below the actual systolic bp
Term
when do you stop hearing sounds when taking a bp-hat has happened to the vessel
Definition
the cuff pressure is below diastolic pressure, and the vessel is totally open..no sound can be heard
Term
what is MAP, what is it's formula
Definition
mean arterial pressure.

formula-diastolic pressure+1/3 pulse pressure.
Term
why does the MAP increase then level off as you get older
Definition
at 1st sys and dia pressure go up parallel-ly, then around age 50 the MAP levels off bc systolic pressure keeps going up while diastolic pressure drops.
Term
arterioles play a major role in what 2 things. one has to do with perfusion, the other in something with pressire
Definition
1. they determine relative blood flow to tissues (blood flow distibution)
2.they play major role in MAP (due to effect on total peripheral distance
Term
what do arterioles have around them that lets them control blood flow
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
what happens when the smnooth muscles of vessel are contracted and relaxed
Definition
vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Term
a SMALL increase in radius results in what in terms of blood flow
Definition
BIG increase of blood flow..remember R=1/(r^4)
Term
3 mechs that regulate artiolar radius (LNH)
Definition
local control, neurtal (reflex control), hormonal control
Term
what is active hyperemia
Definition
blood flow adjusted to meet tissue's need
Term
what are some local stimuli that will cause arterioles to dilate (5)

is this intrinsic/extrinsic control
Definition
-low o2
-high C02
-ph change

local-intrinsic
-metabolites, K+
-bradykinin-peptide that causes vessles to enlarge
Term
are any local "intrinsic controls" of controling arterilolar radii important in map regulation?
Definition
no
Term
flow autoregulation-what happens if there is decreased bp in an organ. also what 2 factors can cause this, and lastly does this affect MAP regulation
Definition
there is arteriolar dilation in the organ to restore blood flow

2 factors-decreased 02, increased metabolites

this is NOT important for MAP regulation
Term
what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on arteriolar radii. ALso, what receptor is stimulated in the case of vasoconstriction.
Definition
inc symp. stim. results in vaso contriction. decr. symp stim=vasodilation.

the receptor affected is the alpha-adrengergic receptors
Term
upon sym. stimulation by epi and nor epi which receptor is activated that causes vasoCONSTRICTION
Definition
ALPHA adrenergic receptors
Term
upon symp. stim by just epi, what receptor is activated that causes vasoDILATION
Definition
beta 2
Term
is reflex (neural control) of the arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic? and is it important in MAP regulation
Definition
extrinsic, yes it is important im MAP regulation
Term
for epi, vessels with which adrenergic receptors will constrict
Definition
alpha 1
Term
what is angrioTENSIN (hint hint), what is it part of (indian dance stick-hint hint)
Definition
strong vasoconstrictor, part of RAAS
Term
hey john don't be a lazy fat fuck or you won;t get into med school..you lazy fat fuck
Definition
I WILL DO WORK
Term
is whoremoanal control of arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic,and is it impiortant for MAP regulation
Definition
extrinsic, and yes it is
Term
what are cap walls made of-pretty much what layer of vessel that I'm already familiar with
Definition
tunica intima
Term
3 types of capillaries CSF
Definition
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
Term
what is a metaarteriole
Definition
vascular shunt
Term
what type (intrinsic/extrinsic) control...controls precapillary sphincters in true capillaries
Definition
intrinsic
Term
how fast does blood in capillaries move?
Definition
fucking SLOW
Term
in capillaries, where does exchange actually happen.
Definition
between blood and interstitial fluid.
Term
in capillaries, what is bulk flow
Definition
when small solutes are trapped in water micells and are carried in between cells into the interstitial fluid
Term
in terms of capillaries, what is filtration
Definition
fluid moving OUT of capillaries, also out of blood
Term
in terms of capillaries, what is reabsorbtion
Definition
back into blood, (back into capillary)
Term
in terms of the capillaries, what is hydrostatic pressure? and what end of the cap. is there this pressure
Definition
the filtration force..force exerted on vessel wall by blood

this force is at the artiole end
Term
in terms of capillaries, what is colloid osmotic pressure? what end of the cap is there this pressure
Definition
reabsorbtion force, the force of interstitial fluid exerted on the cap. wall

at the venous end
Term
in terms of capillaries..more fluids goes ____ at teh arterial end, and more fluid goes _____ at the venous end. what are teh two offical words used
Definition
out>reabsorbtion
filtration>reabsorbtion
Term
near the capillaries..what system collects excess fluid
Definition
lymph system/lymph capillaries
Term
failure of the lymphatic system leads to WHAT...and why
Definition
leads to edema, the lypm system cannot drain the excess fluids
Term
what can cause failure of the lymp system/edema (FCSR)
Definition
filariasis, chemotherapy, surg, radiation
Term
average mmHG in for systemic veins
Definition
10mmHG
Term
what 2 characteristics of veins help with returning blood to the heart
Definition
large diameters, valves, that prevent backflow
Term
what causes varicose veins. also whats wrong with the valves and what does that lead to
Definition
weakness and loss of elasticity

-valves don't close which lets blood back flow
Term
are veins high or low in compliance, also what does that mean
Definition
HIGH, they can accompany large volumes of blood with a relativly little increase in pressure
Term
venous pressure determines venous _____. which is a major determinant of ______ ______.
Definition
return, cardiac output
Term
total blood volume is a determinant of _________, and thus venous return
Definition
pressure
Term
what effect would sym. stim have on venous walls. and what will that eventually lead too
Definition
decreased compliance=stiffer venous walls>leads to more venous retirn
Term
skeletal muscle pump
Definition
veins compress when muscles squeeze, sending blood back to heart. as the muscles squuuze blood moves past open valved toward heart, but valves do not open backwards which prevents backflow.
Term
respiratory pump-what is it and why does this happen
Definition
decreased pressure in heart facilitates return of blood.
this happens because when you inhale pressure in the thoracic cavity drops more expanding the lung and cardiac chamber.
Term
low pressure means Low or HIGH resistance
Definition
LOW resistance
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