Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Urologic Pathology
Lecture 4 Part 3
89
Pathology
Graduate
06/23/2014

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the function of the kidensy
Definition
maintain homeostasis in bodily fluids
Term
How do the kidneys maintain homeostasis in bodily fluids?
Definition
filters and secretes metabolites and minerals, excretes metabolites, minerals, water as urine
Term
WHat do the kidneys regulate?
Definition
blood pressure, glucose metabolism, erythropoiesis
Term
What is the role of the ureters
Definition
propel urine from kidneys to bladder
Term
What is the detrusor muscle?
Definition
layer of urinary bladder wall made of smooth muscle fibers
Term
What happens when the bladder is stretched
Definition
parasympathetic nervous system is signaled to contract the detrusor muscle
Term
When the detrusor muscle is contracted what happens?
Definition
bladder is encouraged to propel urine through the urethra
Term
For teh urine to exit the bladder these must open
Definition
sphincters
Term
How many sphincters must be opened to have urine exit?
Definition
2
Term
What are teh sphincters that open to allow urine to exit?
Definition
autonomically controlled autonomic sphincter, voluntarily controlled external sphincter
Term
Problems with what muscles may lead to incontience?
Definition
sphincters
Term
Urology and the role of the PT: 1
Definition
Help to detect presence of pathology and pain of non-mechanical origin
Term
Urology and the Role of the PT: 2
Definition
treatment for urinary incontience, overactive bladders, those on dialysis and differential diagnosis
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 1
Definition
diminished blood flow to kidneys
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 2
Definition
reduced # of nephrons
Term
What are nephrons?
Definition
component that remove waste from the blood and puts waste into the urine
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 3
Definition
Decreaced efficiency removing waste from the blood
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 4
Definition
volume of urine increases with age
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 5
Definition
constriction of blood vessels in the kideys
Term
What could cause constriction of blood vessels in the kidneys?
Definition
increase of physical/mental stress or disease
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 6
Definition
ineffective sodium regulation
Term
hyponateremia
Definition
recued sodium in the blood
Term
In which population is hyponatreamia more common in?
Definition
those with hypertension
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 7
Definition
bladder's capacity to hold urine is decreased
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 8
Definition
more urien is produced at night in individuals > 60, increased night time urination
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 9
Definition
decreasing tone of pelvic floor musculature
Term
Decreasing tone of pelvic floor musculature is more common among who
Definition
women
Term
Why is decreasing pelvic floor tone more common in older women?
Definition
hormonal change and the aging of soft tissues of pelvic floor structures
Term
Age-Related Urinary Changes: 10
Definition
medications, medical conditions, surgeries, catheterizations, pelvic floor disorders
Term
Urinary Tract Infection: Within the bladder
Definition
cystitis
Term
Urinary tract infection involving the urethra
Definition
urethritis
Term
Urinary tract infections involving the upper portion of the urinary tract
Definition
pyelonephritis
Term
Which UTI can result in a more serious infection
Definition
pyelonephritis
Term
Factors for a UTI: 1
Definition
autoimmunity
Term
Factors for a UTI: 2
Definition
lymphatic or vascular obstruction
Term
Factors for a UTI: 3
Definition
dysfunctional bladder epithelium
Term
Factors for a UTI: 4
Definition
neurogenic disorders
Term
Factors for a UTI: 5
Definition
allergic responses
Term
Factors for a UTI: 6
Definition
genetic origins
Term
Which gender is more likely to get a UTI?
Definition
adult women
Term
Why are adult women more likely to get UTIs?
Definition
proximity of urethral opening to vagina and rectum
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 1
Definition
Age
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 2
Definition
bladder ischemia
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 3
Definition
urinary obstruction
Term
What could cause urinary obstruction
Definition
BPH, stones
Term
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Definition
BPH
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 4
Definition
diminished bactericidal activity of prostate secretions
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 5
Definition
diabetes
Term
What is a good medium for bacterial growth?
Definition
glycosuria
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 6
Definition
female gender
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 7
Definition
renal tubular acidosis
Term
What is renal tubular acidosis
Definition
when kidneys do not properly remove acid from the urine, leaving the blood too acidic
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 8
Definition
Immobility
Term
How is immobility a risk factor for UTIs?
Definition
impairs bladder emptying
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 8
Definition
instrumentation, catheterization
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 9
Definition
sexual activity
Term
Risk Factors for UTIs: 10
Definition
pregnancy
Term
There are 2 types of UTIs
Definition
relapse, reoccur
Term
Relapse UTI
Definition
infections that persist with the original organism without completely clearing
Term
Reoccurrence UTI
Definition
a different infection that occurs after succesful completion of teh initial infection
Term
Can a Reoccurence UTI be due to the same organism?
Definition
yes
Term
What bacteria account for ~80% of all urinary tract pathogens?
Definition
e coli
Term
What other common organisms can cause UTIs
Definition
pseudomonas, staphylococcus, candida
Term
Bacterial Entry into the Urinary Tract: 1
Definition
ascending, up the urethra, into the bladder
Term
Bacterial Entry into the Urinary Tract: 2
Definition
blood-borne
Term
Bacterial Entry into the Urinary Tract: 3
Definition
lymphatic
Term
UTI: Clinical Picture: 1
Definition
increased urinary urgency and frequency
Term
UTI: Clinical Picture: 2
Definition
cloudy, bloody, foul-smelling urine
Term
UTI: Clinical Picture: 3
Definition
fever, chills, malaise
Term
UTI: Clinical Picture: 4
Definition
painful urination
Term
UTI: Clinical Picture: 5
Definition
pain
Term
WHere is pain common with a UTI?
Definition
suprapubic, lower abdominal, groin, flank, low back
Term
Patients who actually have a UTI are commonly referred to PTs with this
Definition
low back pain
Term
Renal caculi
Definition
Kidney stones
Term
Renal Calculi Etiology: 1
Definition
increased composition of a substance in the blood and the urinary excretion of this substance
Term
Renal Calculi Etiology: 2
Definition
underlying metabolic conditoin, such as renal tubular acidosis
Term
Renal Calculi Etiology: 3
Definition
more common in those with Crohn's disease
Term
What common practice may increase renal calculi formation?
Definition
fluoridation of water
Term
Is there a link between vitamin C and renal calculi formation?
Definition
no
Term
How is a renal calculi formed
Definition
nanobacteria form a calcium phosphate shell that causes crystallization
Term
What causes some people to have a higher predispositon to stone formation?
Definition
genetic inclination, diet, drinking habits
Term
If a stone forms in the kidney where is the pain felt?
Definition
low back, flank
Term
If the stone reaches the ureters, where is the pain felt?
Definition
pubic area, groin
Term
WHere is it more common to have pain associated with renal calculi?
Definition
ureters, due to smaller diameter
Term
What secondary symptoms may accompany kidney stones?
Definition
radiating pain, nausea, vomiting, increased urinary urgency and frequency, hematuria, diaphoresis
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
increased sweating
Term
What questions should a PT ask in regards to urologic pathology?
Definition
changes in urinary habits, pain, presence of risk factors associated with calculi
Term
Ureteroscopy
Definition
removal of stones using a scope and forceps
Term
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Definition
use of sound waves to pulverize stones
Supporting users have an ad free experience!