Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Urinary System
Lab X
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/23/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What may sediment include?
Definition
cells, casts, crystals, and amorphous deposits?
Term
What are amorphous deposits?
Definition
shapeless, formless aggregations of tiny mineral crystals. most abundant constituent of sediment. little clinical significance
Term
What would a large number of WBC and bacteria indicate?
Definition
bacterial infection along the urinary/reproductive tract
Term
What would the presence of a large number of renal epithelial cells indicate?
Definition
Viral infection of the kidney, or severe damage to kidney tubules
Term
What are casts?
Definition
cylindrical concretions that form when protein solidifies in a kidney tubules and traps cells and cellular debris
Term
What are casts useful for?
Definition
diagnosing disease
Term
What are hyaline casts?
Definition
homogeneous, semitransparent casts form from mucus proteins of kidney tubule cells
Term
What can RBC casts indicate?
Definition
rbc leading into tubules via damaged glomeruli
Term
What do large numbers of crystals usually indicate?
Definition
activity of a disease process or the use of a particular drug
Term
In what kind of urine are triple phosphate crystals found?
Definition
alkaline urine
Term
Are cystine crystals normal?
Definition
No
Term
Where are cystine crystals found?
Definition
Urine of people with either Fanconi's syndrome or cystinuria
Term
What are Fanconi's syndrome or cystinuria?
Definition
genetic diseases
Term
What happens as a result of fanconi's syndrome or cystinuria?
Definition
failure of transport of amino acid cystine across cell membrane, causing accumulation into crystals, potentially forming a kidney stone
Term
What happens as a result of a kidney stone?
Definition
Sluggish flow of urine, leading to frequent UTI. Long term serious kidney damage
Term
What forms teh color of urine?
Definition
Urobilin
Term
What is the intensity of the yellow color correlated with?
Definition
Concentration of solutes
Term
What negative things can turbidity of urine indicate?
Definition
activity of a disease process, presence of pus, blood cells, bacteria
Term
What benign cause can effect urine turbidity?
Definition
Presence of fat globules resulting from eat a fatty meal. Or a change in temperature or pH as sample rests
Term
How is specific gravity of urine changed?
Definition
Concentration of solutes.
Term
What are some chemical substances that may appear in urine?
Definition
glucose, protein, hemoglobin, hydrogen ions
Term
What can the occasional presence of measurable glucose indicate?
Definition
A meal high in carbohydrates was consumed.
Term
What can the presence of continuously measurable glucose indicate?
Definition
Diabetes
Term
What does the occasional presence of protein indicate?
Definition
High protein meal, heavy exertion, pregnancy
Term
What does continuously high protein indicate?
Definition
Disease conditions that damage the walls of glomeruli; diabetes, glomerulonephritis, high blood pressure, lupus, streptococcal infections
Term
What is glomerulonephritis?
Definition
inflammation of the glomerulus
Term
Is hemoglobin normally present in urine?
Definition
No
Term
When can the presence of hemoglobin be benign?
Definition
As a result of menstrual bleeding
Term
What does the presence of hemoglobin in urine generally indicate?
Definition
Abnormally high hemoglobin levels in blood
Term
Why might hemoglobin levels be abnormally high?
Definition
Transfusino of incompatible blood, hemolytic anemias caused by drugs, chemicals or malaria, and severe burns
Term
What is the pH range of urine?
Definition
4.7-7.8
Term
What can low pH indicate?
Definition
sleeping and eating meals rich in proteins, diabetes, utis
Term
What can High pH indicate?
Definition
diet high in vegetables, uti causing bacteria such as Proteus
Term
Are nephrons located in the cortex region, in the medulla region, or partly in both?
Definition
Both
Term
What is Bowman's capsule?
Definition
represents the beginning of the tubule of a nephron
Term
What is the compact capillary bed contained within bowman's capsule called?
Definition
glomerulus
Term
On the model the afferent arteriole carries blood into which capillaries?
Definition
Red, looped
Term
Which arteriole enters bowman's capsule?
Definition
afferent
Term
Which arteriole exits bowman's capsule?
Definition
efferent
Term
What does the efferent arteriole lead to?
Definition
peritubular capillary bed
Term
What are teh thin, cream-colored cells covering teh surface of the glomerular capillaries? (on the model)
Definition
Podoctyes
Term
What do the podocytes represent?
Definition
inner wall of bowman's capsule
Term
What are teh sinuous red lines between the podocyte cells? (on the model)
Definition
filtration slits
Term
What is the role of the filtration slits?
Definition
permit the flow of large amounts of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the lumen of Bowman's capsule
Term
What are the red colored cells in the model?
Definition
endothelial cells that form the walls of the glomerular capillaries
Term
What are teh characteristics of the endothelial cells?
Definition
they are fenestrated
Term
What is the short piece of greenish yellow tubule above teh afferent and efferent arterioles? (model)
Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
What are the characteristics of teh cells on the distal convoluted tubule?
Definition
cells on the lower part of wall are slightly elongated
Term
The elongated cells of the DCT as well as the enlarged afferent arteriole constitute what?
Definition
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Term
What are the cells of teh JGA responsible for?
Definition
Regulating systemic blood pressure and in regulating the rate at which plasma is forced from glomerular capillaries into bowman's capsule.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!