Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Urinary disorders
(some found in NCLEX review set) UTIs, Calculi, cancers, and other Urinary tract conditions
106
Nursing
Professional
08/04/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name the three classifications of UTIs
Definition

  1. Urethritis - urethra
  2. Cystitis - bladder
  3. Pyelonephritis - kidney

Term
Urethritis: common causes (4)
Definition

 

  1. Chemical irritant
  2. Bacterial infection
  3. Trauma
  4. STD

 

Term
Urethritis: STDs that usually cause the disease
Definition

  1. Gonorrhea
  2. Chlamydia

 

Term
Urethritis: typical meds used
Definition

  1. Tetracycline
  2. Peridium

Term

A client with urethritis is on Peridium.  She calls the clinic, complaining that her urine appears to be bloody.  The nurse should

 

A) advise the client to see her doctor immediately

B) advise the client to discontinue medication

C) ask the client to come in for testing

D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal

Definition
D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal.
Term

A client is prescribed Peridium for urethritis.  She asks how long it will take for the medication to rid her system of the infection.  The nurse should tell the client,

 

A) "It will take about 5-7 days."

B) "It will take about 2-3 weeks."

C) "Just take the medication until it is all gone."

D) "This medication does not treat the disease."

Definition

D) "This medication does not treat the disease."

 

It's an analgesic.  It only relieves the pain.

Term
Urethritis: common symptoms
Definition

  1. Frequency
  2. Urgency
  3. Dysuria

Term
Non-specific urethritis: complication
Definition

 

Females tend to be asymptomatic, which leads to inadvertently re-infecting their male sex partners.

 

Term
Trichomonas: complication
Definition

 

Males tend to be asymptomatic, which leads to inadvertently re-infecting their female sex partners.

 

Term
Gram negative diplococcus is indicative of what disease?
Definition
Gonorrhea
Term
Infection of the urethra
Definition
Urethritis
Term
Infection of the bladder
Definition
Cystitis
Term
Cystitis: #1 bacterial cause
Definition

E. choli

 

accounts for 90% of cystitis cases

Term
Cystitis: highest risk factor
Definition
Use of catheters
Term
Cystitis: common symptoms
Definition

  1. Frequency
  2. Urgency
  3. Dysuria
  4. Turbidity

Term
Cystitis: diagnostics (4)
Definition

U/A:

  • Turbid appearance
  • Presence of
    • RBCs
    • WBCs
    • Nitrates
Term
Uncomplicated Cystitis: common meds
Definition
Sulfameds (ie Bactrum and Septra)
Term
Bactrum: adverse effects
Definition
  1. Can cause stones
  2. Reduces effectiveness of birth control pill
Term
Complicated cystitis: common med
Definition
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Term
Complicated cystitis: common cause
Definition
Failure to complete therapy leaves surviving bacteria that become resistant to sulfameds
Term
Infection of kidneys
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
Pyelonephritis: structures commonly affected
Definition
  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal tubules
  • Interstitial tubules
Term
Acute pyelonephritis: common origin
Definition
Renal medulla, spreading to adjacent cortex
Term
Which UTI is more serious and why?
Definition
Pyelonephritis.  Larger blood supply, therefore larger risk of transmission into blood.
Term
Pyelonephritis: Major complication
Definition
Sepsis
Term
UTIs: common causes
Definition
  1. Chronic renal failure
  2. Kidney damage
  3. Sepsis
  4. Bacterial invasion (E. choli)
Term
UTIs: predisposing factors (10)
Definition
  1.  Residual urine in bladder
  2. Intercourse (females)
  3. Contamination of perineal area
  4. Incontinence
  5. Instrumental invasion
  6. Previous infections
  7. Short urethra (females)
  8. Nonspecific urethritis (males)
  9. Bladder reflux
  10. Neurogenic bladder
Term
Which UTI are women at high risk for RE-infection?
Definition
Trichomonas
Term
How does "standing" urine in the bladder lead to bladder damage?
Definition
Standing urine distends bladder, decreasing blood supply to bladder walls
Term
What is the simplest thing people can do to reduce the risk of acquiring a UTI?
Definition
Drink lots of fluids
Term
Sexual activity can lead to "honeymoon cystitis."  How?
Definition
Trauma to the female bladder, causing irritation and tearing of bladder lining.
Term
Inability to control urine
Definition
Enuresis
Term
Blood in urine
Definition
Hematuria
Term
Going all the time, but no increase in total daily volume
Definition
Frequency
Term
Feeling like you gotta go all the time
Definition
Urgency
Term
Painful urination
Definition
Dysuria
Term
Why might UTIs among the elderly be missed?
Definition
The only symptom might be fatigue
Term
"Incubation period" for UTI caused by catheter
Definition
48 hours
Term
Why might the eldery be more likely to contract a UTI?
Definition
Diminished immune response
Term
Inability to control urination
Definition
Enuresis
Term
Involuntary voiding
Definition
Incontinence
Term
What condition to report on client on prolonged nephrotics
Definition
oliguria
Term
Test for renal arterial supply
Definition
angiography
Term
Waste in blood
Definition
uremia
Term
What is the leading cause of UTIs
Definition
Foley catheters in hospital
Term
Nursing goals to reduce risk of UTI
Definition

Keep area clean and dry

Keep open to air

 

Term
Triggered by coughing, sneezing, laughing, or other physical exertion
Definition
Stress incontinence
Term
Conditions that increase risk of stress incontinence in men
Definition

- prostatectomy

- radiation

Term
Condition that increases risk of stress incontinence in women
Definition
Childbirth
Term
Nursing to reduce stress incontinence
Definition
Teach Kegel exercises
Term
Involuntary urine loss associated with strong desire to void
Definition
Urge incontinence
Term
Most common type of incontinence among elderly
Definition
Urge incontinence
Term
Nursing instruction regarding urge incontinence
Definition
Teach Kegel exercise
Term
Type of incontinence associated with bladder distention
Definition
Overflow incontinence
Term
Causes of overflow incontinence
Definition

Spinal chord injuries

Prostate enlargement

Term
A client wets himself because he's handcuffed to the bed.  What's this called?
Definition

Functional incontinence

 

(not to mention, cruel and unusual)

Term
May be caused by ureter malformation,  surgery, or trauma.  patient is usually neurologically impaired
Definition
Total incontinence
Term
How often is a condom catheter changed?
Definition
daily
Term
Cystitis prevention for females
Definition

- no bubble baths

- use cotton underwear

- void regularly

- void after sex

Term
Nursing care after cystoscopy
Definition

- warm compress

- sitz bath

Term
Two ways to get residual urine measurement
Definition
  1. Straight catheterization immediately after client voids
  2. Ultrasound immediately after client voids
Term
Fluid within the layers of the bladder
Definition
Interstitial cystitis
Term
How is interstitial cystitis diagnosed?
Definition
Biopsy
Term
Bladder cancer: s/sx
Definition
  1. Painless hematuria
  2. Frank blood
  3. Bladder irritability
  4. Bladder retention
  5. Metastatic pains
Term
What is the follow-up procedure after fulguration?
Definition
Cystoscopy, 3 months after fulguration
Term
What makes caring for a urinary ostomy different from caring for a colostomy?
Definition
DON'T irrigate a urinary ostomy.
Term
What can be done to reduce the smell of urinary devices
Definition
Put vinegar in the collection bag
Term
How much fluid should women take daily to prevent UTIs?
Definition
up to 3L/day
Term

Define:

 

Normal output

Oliguria

Anuria

Polyuria

 

Definition

Normal: 1-2 L/dy

 

Oliguria: <400 ml/dy

 

Anuria: <50 ml/dy

 

Polyuria: >2500 ml/dy

Term
What is in the urine of a client with pyelonephritis that is NOT in the urine of clients with other UTIs?
Definition
Casts
Term
Patient teaching regarding UTIs
Definition

- Drink lots of water

- Wipe from front to back

- Void every 3 hrs

- cranberry juice

- no bubble baths

- cotton underwear

- complete antibiotic therapies

Term
Appearance of normal urine from ileal conduit
Definition
cloudy, mucousy
Term
What's the difference between a Kock pouch and an Indiana pouch?
Definition
Indiana pouch is bigger.  Made from ascending colon and terminal ilium
Term
Foods high in calcium
Definition

Dairy products

Sardines

Broccoli

Green leafy veggies

Term
How to tell pyelonephritis from cystitis (symptoms)
Definition

- Client feels "sicker" than with cystitis

- CostoVertebral Angle Tenderness

Term
Complication of Pyelonephritis
Definition
Repeated infections may scar tissue, leading to kidney failure
Term
Signs of urosepsis among the elderly: early vs late
Definition

Early sign: may only be fatigue

 

Late sign: LOC change

Term
Mandelamine: nursing notes
Definition
  1. Cannot be used with sulfa drugs
  2. Can be used prophylactically
Term
Sulfa preps: nursing tip
Definition
Works well in alkaline urine
Term
What is more powerful than Bactrum or Sepra?
Definition
Gantrocin
Term
Pyelonephritis: common drug treatments
Definition

Bactrum

Sepra

Term
Pyelonephritis: potent medication
Definition
Gantrocin
Term
Pyridium: teaching
Definition
urine may be orange-red colored
Term
Urethral strictures: causes
Definition

- kinks

- tumors

- childhood undergrowth

- prostate problems

Term
Urethral strictures: complications
Definition

- increased risk of UTI

- diminished urine stream

- Hydronephrosis

Term
Urethral stricture: treatment
Definition
Remove blockage ASAP
Term
Procedures to treat urethral stricure
Definition

- Urethroplasty

- Catheterization

Term
Backflow of urine into the kidney
Definition
Hydronephrosis
Term
What are renal calculi typically composed of?
Definition
Calcium oxylate
Term

Which of the following are renal calculi formed from.  Select all that apply.

 

A) Calcium phosphate

B) Calcium carbonate

C) Magnesium

D) Phosphorus

E) Uric acid

F) Calcium oxylate

G) Hydrochloric acid

H) Protein

Definition

A) Calcium phosphate

C) Magnesium

E) Uric acid

F) Calcium oxylate

H) Protein

Term
Renal calculi: dietary advice
Definition
Low-pureen diet
Term
Renal calculi: Risk factors
Definition

- Dehydration

- Family history

- High-calcium diets

- Immobility

Term
Renal calculi: classic signs
Definition

- Sudden, severe flank pain

- Renal colic

- Fever

Term
What is CVA tenderness?
Definition
Costal Vertebral Angle tenderness: flank pain below the ribs, radiating to the ilium.
Term
IVP: nursing interventions
Definition
  1. informed consent
  2. NPO 8 hrs pre
  3. laxative pre
  4. allergies to iodine
  5. epinephrine handy
  6. teach about salty taste
  7. increase fluids post
Term
KUB: nursing interventions
Definition
none
Term
Renal calculi: nursing interventions
Definition
  1. Treat pain to prevent shock
  2. strain urine
  3. Calcium restrictions
  4. Low-oxylate diet
Term
Low-oxylate diet restrictions
Definition
  • beets
  • rhubarbs
  • spinach
  • cocoa
  • coffee
Term
Renal calculi: medications given
Definition
  1. Morphine
  2. Demerol
Term
Why would Demerol be given instead of morphine?
Definition
More effective
Term
Why would Morphine be given instead of demerol?
Definition
More can be given before nausea/vomiting occurs
Term
Renal calculi: Procedural treatment
Definition
  1. Chemolysis
  2. Lithotripsy
  3. Lithotomy
Term
Meds used to treat calcium stones
Definition
Thiazide diuretics
Term
Meds used to treat uric acid stones
Definition

Alopurinol

Zyloprim

Term
Renal calculi: complications
Definition

- shock

- sepsis

- hydroureter

- renal failure

- obstruction

- hydronephrosis

Term
Most common form of urinary tract cancer
Definition
Bladder cancer
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