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Upper Extremities
Muscles, nerves, and fascia in upper extremities
29
Anatomy
Graduate
09/30/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What innervates the Pectoralis Major?
Definition
Lateral (main) and Medial pectoral nerves
Term
Action of Pectoralis Major
Definition
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Term
Innervation of Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves
Term
Action of Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Stabilizes scapula, draws it downward and forward
Term
What membrane separates the subclavius and pectoralis minor?
Definition
Costocoracoid membrane
Term
What thickening of deep fascia encloses the subclavius and pectoralis minor?
Definition
Clavipectoral fascia
Term
What forms the deltopectoral triangle?
Definition

1. Clavicle

2. Deltoid muscle

3. Pectoralis Major muscle

Term
What pierces the costocoracoid membrane?
Definition

1. Cephalic vein

2. Lateral pectoral nerve

Thoracoacromial artery

Term
Innervation of subclavius
Definition
Nerve to the subclavius
Term
Action of subclavius
Definition

1. Depresses the lateral end of the clavicle

2. Pulls shoulder anteriorly

3. Stabilizes clavicle

Term
What two muscles do the costocoracoid membrane separate?
Definition
Subclavius and Pectoralis Minor
Term
What's in the axilla?
Definition

 

Axillary artery and vein*

Brachial plexus*

Axillary lymphnodes

 

*enclosed in axillary sheath, continuation of prevertebral fascia

Term
What forms the brachial plexus?
Definition

Whole ventral rami of C5-T1 (contributions from C4 and T2)

 

Superior--C5 and C6

Middle--C7

Inferior--C8 and T1

(runs right over first rib)

Term
Where is the dorsal scapular nerve and what does it innervate?
Definition

Arises from C5 above the clavicle before it joins with C6 to form the lateral cord

 

Innervates rhomboids and levator scapulae

Term
Where does the long thoracic nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

C5, C6, and C7 roots above the clavicle

 

Serratus anterior muscle

Term
Where does the nerve to the subclavius originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Superior trunk (C5 and C6) above clavicle

 

Subclavius muscle

Term
Where does the suprascapular nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Superior trunk (C5 and C6) above clavicle

 

Supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles

Term
What are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus?
Definition

Branches of roots

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

 

Branches of superior trunk (C5 and C6)

Nerve to subclavius

Suprascapular nerve

 

Term
Where does the lateral pectoral nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Lateral cord

(formed from ant. superior and middle trunks)

 

Pectoralis major and minor

 

*has communication with medial pectoral nerve

Term
Where does the medial pectoral nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Medial cord (ant. inferior trunk) below clavicle

 

Pectoralis major and minor

 

*has communication with lateral pectoral nerve

Term
What forms the lateral cord and what are its branches?
Definition

Formed from anterior branches of superior and middle trunks

 

Gives rise to lateral pectoral nerve

 

Branches into musculocutaneous and lateral root of median nerve

Term
What forms the medial cord and what are its branches?
Definition

Formed from anterior division of inferior trunk

 

Branches:

1. Medial pectoral nerve

2. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (sensory)

3. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (sensory)

 

Forms ulnar nerve and medial root of median nerve

 

 

Term
Where does the upper subscapular nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Arises from posterior cord

(formed from posterior divisions of superior, middle, and inferior trunks)

 

Innervates subscapularis muscle

Term
Where does the thoracodorsal nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Posterior cord

(formed from anterior branches of superior, middle, and inferior trunks)

 

Innervates latissimus dorsi

Term
Where does the lower subscapular nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Posterior cord

(formed from anterior branches of superior, middle, and inferior trunks)

 

Innervates subscapularis and teres major muscles

Term
Where does the axillary nerve originate and what does it innervate?
Definition

Terminal branch of Posterior cord

(formed from anterior branches of superior, middle, and inferior trunks)

 

Innervates teres minor and deltoid muscles

 

Ends as upper lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

Term
What forms the posterior cord and what are its branches?
Definition

Formed from anterior divisions of superior, middle, and inferior trunks (C5-C6, C7, C8-T1)

 

Branches

1. Upper subscapular nerve

2. Thoracodorsal nerve

3. Lower subscapular nerve

 

Terminal

4. Axillary nerve

5. Radial nerve

Term
What nerves and muscles are affected by Erb-Duchenne Palsy?
Definition

Tearing of C5 and C6 affects

1. Suprascapular nerve

2. Nerve to the subclavius

3. Musculocutaneous nerve

4. Axillary nerve

 

Functional Losses

1. Abduction of shoulder (supraspinatous-1, deltoid-4)

2. Lateral rotation of shoulder (Infraspinatous-1, teres minor-4)

3. Flexor of shoulder (Teres minor-4, coracobrachialis-3)

4. Flexor of elbow (brachialis, biceps brachii-3)

5. Supination of forearm (biceps brachii-3)

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