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Unit 7 Section B Vocabulary
Energy Storage and Use
13
Chemistry
10th Grade
07/20/2012

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Term
carbohydrates
Definition
substances such as sugars and starches that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; a main source of energy in foods
Term
monosaccharides
Definition
a simple sugar (such as glucose or fructose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to produce other sugars
Term
disaccharide
Definition
a sugar molecule (such as sucrose) composed of two monosaccharide units bonded through a condensation reaction
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
a polymer composed of many monosaccharide units
Term
fats
Definition
energy-storage molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they have fewer oxygen atoms and more carbon and hydrogen atoms than do carbohydrates
Term
saturated fats
Definition
a fat molecule containing only single carbon-carbon bonds within its fatty acid components
Term
unsaturated fats
Definition
a fat molecule containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; it is monounsaturated if each fat molecule has a single double bond and polyunsaturated if it has two or more double bonds
Term
monounsaturated fat
Definition
a fat molecule containing one carbon-carbon double bond
Term
polyunsaturated fat
Definition
a fat molecule containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
Term
hydrogenation
Definition
a chemical reaction that adds hydrogen atoms to an organic molecule
Term
cis-trans isomerism
Definition
isomers based on arrangement about a double bond in a molecule; the cis- isomer has attachments on the same side of the double bond, while the trans- isomer has attachments on opposite sides of the double bond
Term
limiting reactant
Definition
the starting substance that is used up first in a chemical reaction; sometimes called the limiting reagent
Term
stoichiometry
Definition
the relationships by which quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction are linked and calculated
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