Term
| What are the domains of development? |
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Definition
1.) Physical
2.) Cognitive
3.) Psychosocial |
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Term
| What is the physical domain of development? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics of the physical domain of development? |
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Definition
1.) Congential syndromes
2. ) Congential malformations
3. ) Ethnicity
4. ) Cultural Practices |
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Term
| What is the cognitive domain? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does cognitive development begin? |
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Definition
| Development begins at birth and initially starts with the senses. |
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Term
| What is the predominate theory? Who was it created by? |
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Definition
PIAGET.
- Egocentrism: Whole word is about them.
- Animism: Life is in other objects
- Invincibility - No idea that harm can be done to them or that they expire
- Exaggerated sense of importance |
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Term
| What is cognitive processes? |
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Definition
| Intelligence, understanding, and thinking. |
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Term
| What is the psychosocial domain of development? |
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Definition
| Socioemotional factors including personality, emotions, relationships with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encompasses the physical changes acrosss a person's life span. |
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Term
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Definition
| A progressive and continuous process of change that begins at conception and continuous throughout life. |
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Term
| What is the biological process of development? |
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Definition
| Physical growth and development |
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Term
| What is the cognitive process of development? |
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Definition
| Intelligence, understanding, and thinking. |
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Term
| What is the socioemotional factors of development? |
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Definition
| Personality, emotions, relationships with others. |
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Term
| What do biophysical developmental theories examine? |
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Definition
| How bodies grow and change |
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Term
| What is Gessell's theory of development? |
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Definition
| Growth & development is unique and is directed by gene activity. Maturation follows with a fixed developmental scheme. |
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Term
| What is cephalocaudal growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is proximodistal growth? |
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Definition
| From center to peripheral |
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Term
| What do physcoanalytical/psychosocial theories describe? |
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Definition
| Development from personality, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives. |
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Term
| How is development explained in psychoanalytical field? |
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Definition
| A primarily unconscious process that is influenced by emotions. Unconscious drives influence development through universal stages experienced by all individuals |
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Term
| What are the 3 components of personality according to Freud? |
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Definition
1.) ID - Pleasure Principle (Early Infancy)
2.) EGO - Reality/Self Interest (Preschool)
3.) SUPEREGO - Morality/Conscience (School-Age) |
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Term
| What are the is the first of the 5 stages of freudian development? |
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Definition
| STAGE 1: Oral (12-18 months.) Putting things in mouth. SUCKING. |
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Term
| What is the second of the 5 stages of freudian development? |
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Definition
| STAGE 2: Anal (12-18 mo - 3 years) Excretion |
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Term
| What is the third of the 5 stages of freudian development? |
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Definition
| STAGE 3: Phallic/Oedipal (3-6 yrs) Genitals. Aware of them. |
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Term
| What is the fourth of the 5 stages of freudian development? |
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Definition
| STAGE 4: Latency (6-12 yrs) Play/Learning/Development |
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Term
| What is the fifth stage of freudian development? |
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Definition
| STAGE 5: Genital (Puberty-Adulthood) Interested in Opposite Sex. |
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Term
| What is the first stage of Erikson's stages? |
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Definition
| STAGE 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 yr) |
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Term
| What is the second stage of Erikson's? |
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Definition
| STAGE 2: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 yrs) |
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Term
| What is the third stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| STAGE 3: Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 yrs) |
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Term
| What is the fourth stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| STAGE 4: Industry vs. inferiority ( 6-11) |
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Term
| What is the fifth stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| STAGE 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (puberty) |
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Term
| What is the sixth stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| STAGE 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40) |
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Term
| What is the seventh stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| Generative vs. Self-Absorption/Stagnation (40-65) |
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Term
| What is the eight/final stage of Eriksons? |
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Definition
| Ego integrity vs. despair (65-death) |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavioral style or pattern that affects an individuals emotion interactions with others. |
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Term
| What is the life span perspective? |
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Definition
| Human development is lifelong, although changes are slower |
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Term
| What is stage-crisis theory? |
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Definition
Focuses on resolution of tasks.
- Owing to physical values
- From personal values
- From societal pressures |
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Term
| What is the selective optimization with compensation theory? |
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Definition
| As people age, they are able to compensate for some decreases in physical/cognitive performance by developing new approaches. |
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Term
| What is the socioeconomic selectivity theory? |
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Definition
| As people age, they become more selective and invest their energies in meaningful pursuits. |
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Term
| What is the first period of Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory? |
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Definition
Period I: Sensorimotor birth. Reflexes are inborn, adapts them to the environment, objects become permanent, sensory abilities increase, trial and error learning, simple problem solving,
BIRTH - 2 yrs |
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Term
| What is the second period of Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory? |
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Definition
PERIOD II: Preoperational. Can focus on a single-aspect of a situation, development of intuitive thought, difficulty distinguishing fact from fantasy.
2-7 YRS
Intuitive Preoperational Thinking. Causation Initiates (4-7) |
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Term
| What is the third period of Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory? |
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Definition
PERIOD III: Concrete operations. Capable of logic thought and operations.
7-11 YRS |
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Term
| What is the fourth period of Piaget's Cogntitive Devel. Theory? |
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Definition
PERIOD IV: Formal Operations. Ability to abstractly think and capable of complex problem solving.
11 YRS - ADULTHOOD |
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Term
| What is the fifth period of Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Continued cognitive development involves what? |
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Definition
| Increasing cognitive flexibility |
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Term
| What is the moral developmental theory? |
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Definition
| Attempts to define how moral reasoning matures for an individual. Refers to changes in a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that influence the perception of right/wrong. |
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Term
| What is the first level of Kohlberg? What 2 stages? |
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Definition
LEVEL 1: Preconventional reasoning. When children ask WHY.
-Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation.
-Stage 2: Instrumental realist orientation |
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Term
| What is the second level of Kohlberg? 2 stages? |
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Definition
LEVEL 2: Conventional reasoning, when moral reasoning is based on internalization of societal and other's expectations.
-Stage 3: Good-boy/nice-girl orientation
-Stage 4: Society-maintaining orientation |
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Term
| What is the third level of Kohlberg? 2 stages? |
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Definition
LEVEL 3: Postconventional reasoning occurs when a person finds balance between basic human rights and obligations and societal rules/regulations.
-Stage 5: Social contract orientation
-Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation - where right is defined by the decision of conscience in accord with self chosen ethical principles. |
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Term
| Who created the bonding theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created the attachment theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created the sensitive periods of development theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created nurture theories? |
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Definition
| Bandura, Watson, and Skinner |
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Term
| What is Watson responsible for? |
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Definition
| Classical condition. Dog expierment |
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Term
| What is Skinner responsible for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Bandura responsible for? |
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Definition
Social learning and modeling.
- 4 things needed for modeling
1.) Attention
2.) Retention
3.) Reproduction
4.) Motivation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Roger's responsible for? |
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Definition
| Development of the personality. People are at the center of development. A positive reward in addition to a positive environment results in a feeling of self worth. |
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Term
| What is the transactional theory? |
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Definition
| Heredity. The environment. |
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Term
| Nurses need to identify ______ ________ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nurses need to recognize the level of moral reasoning used by who? |
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Definition
| Other health care team members |
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Term
| What should nurses separate? |
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Definition
| Their own beliefs when helping patients with their moral devision making processes. |
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Term
| Developmental problems related to nursing diagnoses? |
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Definition
- Risk for delayed development
- Delayed growth and development
- Risk for disproportionate growth |
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