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Unit 5 terms
vocabulary
59
Social Studies
9th Grade
02/11/2014

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Term
agribuisness
Definition
buisness that are collectively associated with the production, processing, and distribution of agriculture.
Term
agricultural hearths
Definition
the diffusion of farming practices from a center (hearth) across the surface of the earth.
Term
agriculture
Definition
he deliberate tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber
Term
biotechnology
Definition
the use of genetically altered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production
Term
cereal grains
Definition
foods and grain from cereal and they contain starch; including: rice, wheats, oats, etc.
Term
colombian exchange
Definition
15th and 16th centuries; when products were carried both ways across the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
Term
commercial agriculture
Definition
when farmers and ranchers sell al of their output for money and buy their families' food at stores.
Term
desertification
Definition
the process by which fertilee land becomes desert, typically result of drought.
Term
disperesed settlement pattern
Definition
where buildings in a settlement are not clustered around a particular point
Term
enclosure
Definition
fencing or hedging large blocks of land
Term
erosion
Definition
for land to erode away; usually by wind or running water.
Term
extensive agriculture
Definition
land is subdivided to relativly large units
Term
extensive subsistence agriculture
Definition
involves large areas of land and minimal labor per land unit.(shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism)
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
the collection of new agricultural techniques. (1970s)
Term
hamlets, villages
Definition
villages-small clusters of buildings or in slightly larger settlements. Hamlets- grouped together.
Term
horticulture
Definition
th growing or friuts, vegetables, and flowers
Term
hunters and gatherers
Definition
the direct procurement of edibke plants and animals from the wild
Term
industrial agriculture
Definition
modern farming that refers to the industrial production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops
Term
intensive agriculture
Definition
land is subdivided into relatively small units
Term
intensive subsistence agriculture
Definition
involves the cultivation of small land plots though great amounts of labor, and yields per unit and area and population densitites.
Term
irrigation
Definition
the channeling of water to fields
Term
job specialization
Definition
the process of focusing one's occupational concentration on a specific area of expertise.
Term
labor intensive agriculture
Definition
a term describing industries that require a great deal of labor in terms of agriculture
Term
location theory
Definition
the general but logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is realated to the land space where goods are produced.
Term
long-lot survey system
Definition
system implemented in Quebec, Louisiana, texas, or areas of French influence, that divide the land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
Term
Mediterranean Agriculture
Definition
specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
goal to benefit the mother country by trading goods to accumulate precious metals to enrich the country.
Term
metes and bounds
Definition
system or method of describing land, real property
Term
milkshed
Definition
place where milk can be stored
Term
mixed crop and livestock farming
Definition
farmers grow crops and raise livestock on the same land spread, with most of the crops fed to animals rather than to people.
Term
Neolithic Revolution
Definition
first historically varifiable revolution in agriculture.
Term
nomadism
Definition
a member of people who move from one place to another, either with thier livestock, or subsisting on hunting and gathering.
Term
nucleated settlement pattern
Definition
a settlement where buildings are clustered around a particular point.
Term
organic agriculture
Definition
form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control
Term
pampas
Definition
extensive, treeless plains in South America
Term
pastoral nomadism
Definition
form of pastoralism where livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze following on irregular pattern of movement.
Term
partriarchal system
Definition
social system in which males are the primary authority figures central to social organization.
Term
plantation farming
Definition
refers to the practice of planting crops in large scale
Term
post-industrial societies
Definition
concept describing a certain stage of society's development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector.
Term
primary sector
Definition
sector of an economy making direct use of natural recources.
Term
primogeniture
Definition
all land passes to the eldest son, resulting in large land parcels that are tended individually
Term
quaternary sector
Definition
part of economy which typically includes services such as information generation and sharing.
Term
rectangular survey system
Definition
system of measuring land
Term
second agricultural revolution
Definition
intensified agriculture by promoting higher yields per acre and per farmer
Term
secondary sector
Definition
sector of economy concerned with or relating to primary industry.
Term
seed agriculture
Definition
reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization
Term
seed drill
Definition
a sowing device that precisely positions seeds in hte soil and then covers them
Term
shifting cultivation
Definition
form of agricuture, in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivation for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored
Term
specialization
Definition
act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose.
Term
subsistence agriculture
Definition
self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers grow food enough to feed themselves.
Term
sustainable agriculture
Definition
agriculture that attempts to integrate plant and animal production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term
Term
teritary sector
Definition
is one of the three economic sectors
Term
Third agricultural revolution
Definition
began in the mid-20th century and is still going on today in the firm of industrial agriculture.
Term
Truck farming
Definition
a region with a long growing season and humid climate and accessibility to the large markets of northeast to U.S.
Term
vegetative farming
Definition
areas where plants existed and is much more suitable for farming
Term
von Thunen's model
Definition
assumed a flat terrain with uniform soils and no significant barriers for transportation to market.
Term
wattle
Definition
a material for making fences or walls, etc.
Term
wet(lowland) rice: found mostly in East and South Asia; type of rice planted on dry land
Definition
Term
Winter wheat area, Spring wheat area
Definition
Winter- Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma, where the crop is planted in the autumn. Spring- Dakota and Montana, where winters are too severe for winter wheat.
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