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Unit 4 Genetics Vocabulary
Chapter 6 and 7 Holt Life Science
20
Science
7th Grade
05/06/2006

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Term
Genotype
Definition
The kinds of genes an individual carries
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The observable expression of a trait
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Two different genes for the same trait
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Two identical genes for the same trait
Term
Dominant
Definition
An inherited trait that is present even when inherited only from one parent
Term
Recessive
Definition
The form of the gene that shows up only when inherited from both parents
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
A tool used to analyze possible breeding outcomes
Term
Probability
Definition
The likelihood of an occurrence
Term
Gene
Definition
The segment of DNA that determines a particular trait
Term
Trait
Definition
An inherited characteristic of an organism
Term
Heredity
Definition
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Term
DNA
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic molecule in a cell’s nucleus that determines the organism’s genetic traits
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Compact spools of DNA in a cell’s nucleus that carry the code for the organism’s inherited characteristics.

Most humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 homologous pairs (one from mom and one from dad).
Term
Clone
Definition
A plant or animal grown from the cell of another plant or animal and is an exact copy of that plant or animal. It is currently illegal to clone a human.
Term
Molecule
Definition
A group of atoms bonded together.
Term
Trait
Definition
A quality or characteristic which makes one thing different from another.

Having hair is a characteristics of being mammal.
Term
Variation
Definition
Differences between things of the same type, diversity
Term
Biological diversity
Definition
The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, among other things, terrestrial, marine, and
other aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems
Term
Offspring
Definition
An animal’s or human’s young, children.
Term
Genome
Definition
All the genes of an organism.
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