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Unit 4 - Cell Processes Vocab
Dahlinger Diffusion/ Osmosis Cell Processes
16
Science
7th Grade
11/19/2011

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Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
a double layered membrane that surrounds the cell. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Term
Concentration
Definition
a measure of how much of a given substance is mixed with another substance. The number of molecules packed into a given area.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the spontaneous net movement of particles from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of low concentration. Example flow of food coloring in a glass of water.
Term
Dynamic Equilibrium
Definition
a state of balance in which there is little or no total change. The total number of particles in each region remains roughly constant.
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffision of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high solvent concentration to an area of low solvent concentration. Example flow of water molecules across a cell membrane.
Term
Semipermeable membrane
Definition
a membrane that allows certain substances to pass through but does not allow the passage of other materials. Ex. Cell membranes
Term
Solute
Definition
a substance that is dissolved in another substance to form a solution. Ex. In salt water, the salt is this term.
Term
Solvent
Definition
a liquid or gas that dissolves a solute to form a solution. In salt water, water is this term.
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
Occurs when the concentration of two (or more) substances is balanced.
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
The movement of molecules based on their concentration. NO ENERGY USED.
Term
Active Transport
Definition
the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient of from an area of LOW concentration to High concentration. ENERGY IS USED and proteins on a cell's membrane must help molecules move.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
a process in which the cell releases material (molecules that are too large to pass through the membrane) by engulfing it with their cell membrane.
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
The process in which the cell releases material (molecules that are too large to pass through the membrane) by fusing a filled vesicle with the cell membrane.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the process within the chloroplasts in which energy from sunlight is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.
Term
Respiration
Definition
the process by which (plant and animal) mitochondria break down sugar by using oxygen to make ATP (energy).
Term
Fermentation
Definition
the process by which sugars are broken down to produce energy without the use of oxygen.
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