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Unit 3
Mods 7-10
39
Psychology
11th Grade
10/15/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Developmental Psychology
Definition
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Term
Zygote
Definition
The fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.
Term
Embryo
Definition
The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.
Term
Fetus
Definition
The deveolping human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.
Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Definition
Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases , symptoms include noticeable facial mis-proportions.
Term
Rooting Reflex
Definition
A baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple.
Term
Maturation
Definition
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
Term
Schema
Definition
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
Term
Assimilation
Definition
Interpreting one's one experience in terms of one's existing schemas.
Term
Accommodation
Definition
Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
Term
Cognition
Definition
All of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Term
Sensorimotor Stage
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Term
Object Permanence
Definition
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
Term
Preoperational Stage
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete knowledge.
Term
Conservation
Definition
The principal (which Piaget believed to be part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Term
Ego-centrism
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's inability to take another point of view.
Term
Theory of Mind
Definition
People's ideas about their own and others' mental states- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and behaviors these might predict.
Term
Concrete Operational Stage
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive deveolpment (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Term
Formal Operational Stage
Definition
In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
Term
Stranger Anxiety
Definition
The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning about 8 months of age.
Term
Attachment
Definition
An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
Term
Critical Period
Definition
An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certian stimuli or experiences produces proper development
Term
Imprinting
Definition
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
Term
Imprinting
Definition
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
Term
Basic Trust
Definition
According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
Term
Adolescence
Definition
The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.
Term
Puberty
Definition
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Term
Primary Sex Characteristics
Definition
The body structures (testes, ovaries etc.) that make sexual reproduction possible.
Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Definition
Non-reproductive sexual characteristics such as female breasts & hips, male voice quality and body hair.
Term
Menarche
Definition
The first menstrual period.
Term
Identity
Definition
One's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
Term
Intimacy
Definition
In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
Term
Menopause
Definition
The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
Term
Cross Sectional Study
Definition
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
Term
Longitudinal Study
Definition
Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.
Term
Crystallized Intelligence
Definition
One's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
Term
Fluid Intelligence
Definition
One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
Term
Social Clock
Definition
The socially preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
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