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Unit 3-Developmental Psychology
n/a
78
Psychology
11th Grade
10/13/2011

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Term
Developmental Psychology
Definition
Study of the physical, cognitive, moral and social changes throughout the life span
Term
Heritability
Definition
the proportion of variation among individuals attributed to genes
Term
Prenatal Development - Zygote/Germinal Stage
Definition
from conception to two weeks, rapid cell division
Term
Prenatal Development - Embyro
Definition
from two weeks to two months, heart and liver begin to function
Term
Prenatal Development - Fetus
Definition
from two months to birth, formulation and function of human body
Term
Teratogens
Definition
agents that reach embryo/fetus through the mom and cause harm (FAS)
Term
X Chromosome
Definition
both men and women, females have two (XX); males have one (XY) 
Term
Y Chromosome
Definition
Just men
Term
Turner's Syndrome
Definition
females born with only one X
Term
Klinefelter's Syndrome 
Definition
males born with XXY
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition
extra chromosome which produced mental retardation 
Term
Tay-Sachs Syndrome
Definition
recessive trait that produces loss of nervous system function and death in babies
Term
PKU
Definition
recessive trait that results in irreversible brain damage unless treated with a special diet
Term
Huntington's disease
Definition
dominant gene defect that involves degeneration of the nervous system
Term
Homozygous
Definition
both genes for a trait are the same
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
genes for a trait are different
Term
Dominant Genes
Definition
gene that is expressed when the genes for a trait are different
Term
Recessive Genes
Definition
genes that are not expressed when the genes for a trait are different
Term
Testosterone
Definition
male sex hormones
Term
Estrogen
Definition
female sex hormones
Term
Primary Sex Characteristics  
Definition
reproductive organs and external genitalia
Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Definition
non-reproductive sexual characteristics
Term
Cross-sectional Studies
Definition
different age groups tested at the same time period
Term
longitudinal studies
Definition
same participants tests over a period of time
Term
cohort-sequential 
Definition
cross-sectioned groups over a period of time
Term
rooting
Definition
baby will turn its head in the direction of soft contact
Term
sucking
Definition
drawing in anything at the mouth
Term
swallowing 
Definition
automatic constriction of the throat muscles 
Term
grasping 
Definition
closing fingers around an object
Term
moro/startle
Definition
when a baby is surprised it arches its back and flings out limbs and quickly retracts them
Term
babinski
Definition
touching the sole of the foot will cause the baby to flex
Term
Habituation 
Definition
getting used to something, decreased responsiveness with repeated presentations
Term
Maturation
Definition
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior
Term
Kolhberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning- preconventional 
Definition
avoids punishment and furthers self reasoning
Term
Kolhberg's stages of Moral Reasoning- Conventional
Definition
conforms with others and follows laws
Term
Kolhbergs Stages of Moral Reasoning- Postconventional
Definition
social contract and the promotion of universal ideas
Term
Parenting styles- Authoritarian
Definition
absolute rules
Term
Parenting styles- permissive
Definition
no rules
Term
parenting styles- authoritative
Definition
flexible rules (best way)
Term
Sensorimotor
Definition
from 0-2 years, experiences the world through senses and action 
Term
preoperational
Definition
form 2-7 years, children learn the use of symbols 
Term
concrete operational
Definition
from 7-12 years, child develops logic
Term
Formal operational
Definition
form 12 years and on, children can master abstract and hypothetical thinking
Term
Schema
Definition
framework of ideas based on past experiences
Term
Assimilation 
Definition
incorporate information into one's existing schemas 
Term
Accommodation
Definition
modifying schemas to incorporate new information
Term
object permanence
Definition
awareness that objects continue to exist even when we cannot see them- sensorimotor stage
Term
egocentrism
Definition
seeing the world form your own perspective only- preoperational stage
Term
conservation 
Definition
changes in the form of an object doesn't change their physical properties- concrete operational stage
Term
Zygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
Definition
emphasized the role of the enviroment and gradual changes in the way we think
Term
Zone of Proximal Development  (ZPD)
Definition
the range between the level a child can solve a problem verses with asssistance
Term
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Definition
looked at development across the lifespan and solving conflicts in 8 different stages
Term
Trust vs. Mistrust
Definition
gain a sense of security
Term
Autonomy vs. Shame or doubt
Definition
gain a sense of independence
Term
Initiative vs. Guilt
Definition
learn to try some things and avoid others
Term
Industry vs. Inferiority
Definition
gain self confidence
Term
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Definition
gain a sense of self
Term
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Definition
form personal relationships
Term
Generavity vs. Stagnation
Definition
promote well-being
Term
Integirty vs. Despair
Definition
gain a sense of satisfaction
Term
Basic Trust
Definition
a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
Term
Stranger Anxiety
Definition
children's fear of new or unknown circumstances or people, develops at about 8 months
Term
Temperment
Definition
infant's natural disposition to show a particular mood or emotion
Term
Secure Attachment
Definition
babies are happy to see and responsive to mom after an absence
Term
Insecure attachment
Definition
babies are angry, clingy or act inconsistenly to mom after an absence
Term
imprinting
Definition
certain animals, not humans, form concrete attachments
Term
Critical Period
Definition
time in which either enrichment or deprivation is most likely to have effects
Term
Harlow's Surgate Mother Expierements
Definition
monkeys and humans will seek comfort over anything else
Term
Gender roles
Definition
expectations about how males and females should act, think
Term
Gender Identity
Definition
person's sense of being male or female
Term
Gender Sterotypes
Definition
broad categories about our beliefs of what is male and female
Term
Identity (Self concept)
Definition
sense of one's identity and personal worth
Term
puberty
Definition
sexual maturation
Term
androgyny
Definition
presence of both male and female secondary sex characteristics
Term
Aging senses
Definition
sense in a state of constant decline from 20's on and rapid decline after 70's
Term
Fluid
Definition
abstract ability
Term
Crystallized Intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge
Term
Kubler-Ross stages of grief
Definition
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
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