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Unit 2 Anatomy Test
n/a
66
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/26/2011

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Term
Cartilage
Definition
embryonic forerunner of most bones
-covers many joint surfaces
Term
Ligaments / Tendons
Definition
-Bone to Bone
-Bone to muscle
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Shaft of bone
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Ends of bone
Term
Epiphyseal Plate:
Definition
becomes epiphysial line, where hyaline cartilage stays, cartilage becomes bone around 20-25 years
Term
Marrow Cavity of Bone
Definition
Stores bone marrow, in the middle of long bone
Term
Periosteum of bone
Definition
CT on outside of marrow cavity
Term
Endosteum
Definition
CT on inside of marrow cavity
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
at a joint (ends of bone), hyaline types of cartilage
Term
Osteogenic cells
Definition
produce osteoblasts
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
bone builders
Term
osteoclasts-
Definition
breaks down calcium to use for nutritional purposes
Term
canaliculi
Definition
"little canals," pass nutrients in/out of osteon to blood supply
Term
Bone Matrix (what it is comprised of)
Definition
*1/3 organic- collagen, carbohydrate complexes
*2/3 inorganic
Term
Trabeculae in bones
Definition
spongy bone is made of this
Term
Spongy bones (what it does and does not contain:)
Definition
contains lamellae,
does not contain osteons
Term
Bone Marrow (2 types)
Definition
1) Red Marrow: hemopoetic (blood forming), in skull and trunk
2) yellow marrow: replaces red as we age, turns into mainly fat, does not produce blood, in limbs
Term
Bone Development Terms (3)
Definition
1) Ossification- bone formation (turns hyaline cartilage into bone)
2) Intramembranous ossification- bone develops within fibrous sheet, produces flat bones of skull, most of clavicle
3) Endochondral ossification- bone develops from hyaline cartilage model
Term
Interstitial and Appositional Growth:
Definition
1)Interstitial (means between the tissues): add a new matrix to the interior (bones lengthen this way
during childhood)
2) Appositional growth : add new bone to the surface, bones widen/thicken this way in adulthood
Term
Axial/Appendicular skeleton:
Definition
Axial- skull, vertebrae, sacrum, ribs
Appendicular- limbs, pelvic bones
Term
Bones at birth/bones at death
Definition
270 at birth
206 as adult
Term
4 Sinuses of Skull:
Definition
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
Term
4 sutures of skull:
Definition
Saggital, Coronal, Lambdoid, squamous
Term
Zygomatic bones and Lacrimal bones
Definition
Zygomatic are cheek bones
Lacrimal are tear glands
Term
Hyoid bone
Definition
bone above larynx
only bone which doesn't articulate with another bone
Term
vertebral column:
(cut the last scene, Carrie!)
Definition
33 vertebrae
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
Term
Fontanels
Definition
gaps b/w flat skull bones (baby skull)
1) anterior
2) mastoid
3) sphenoidal
4) posterior
Term
Twelve Ribs
Definition
1-7: vertebrosternal (true) ribs
8-12: vertebrochondral (false) ribs
11 & 12: floating ribs
Term
Bones of the Upper Limb:
Definition
Brachium: humerus
Antebrachium: radius and ulna
Carpus: carpal bones
Manus: metacarpals, phalanges
Term
Lower Limb Bones:
Definition
Femoral: Femur
Knee Cap :patella
crural: tibia and fibula
tarsal: tarsal bones
pedal: metatarsals and phalanges
Term
Joint Articulation (define and give the 4 classes)
Definition
Where two bones meet
1) Bony Joints- no movement
2) Fibrous joints - little/no movement
3) Cartilaginous Joints - slightly movable
4) synovial joints- freely movable
Term
Bony Joint class
Definition
Synostoses
Term
Fibrous joint class
Definition
synarthroses
Term
Cartilaginous joints
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
synovial joint class
Definition
diarthroses
Term
Synarthroses types (3)
Definition
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
Term
Amphiarthroses types (2)
Definition
Symphyses
Synchondroses
Term
Diarthroses types (6)
Definition
Hinge
Pivot
Plane
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and Socket
Term
Bony Joints (synostoses)
Definition
Ossification of fibrous or cartilaginous joints
-Mandibular bones, cranial sutures, epiphyses with diaphyses
Term
Fibrous Joints (Synathroses)
Definition
1)Sutures: bones of skull
2)Gomphoses: teeth in sockets
3) syndesmoses: radius & ulna or tibia & fibula
Term
Cartilaginous Joints (amphiarthroses)
Definition
Synchondroses: first rib/sternum, epiphyseal plate
Symphyses: public symphysis, intervertebral discs
Term
Common Synovial Joints locations
Definition
Elbows, knees, knuckles, b/w wrist and ankle bones
Term
Synovial Joint Components:
Definition
1) Articular Cartilage
2) Synovial Fluid
3) Joint Capsule (contains fibrous capsule and synovial membrane)
Term
Hinge Joint (Type of Synovial)
Definition
Monaxial (moves in one plane)
Ex: elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints
Term
Pivot Joint (type of synovial)
Definition
Monaxial
Bone rotates relative to the other
Term
Plane joints (type of synovial)
Definition
Surfaces flat
Biaxial (moves in 2 planes)
ex- b/w carpal bones and tarsal bones
Term
Condylar joints (type of synovial)
Definition
oval convex surface
biaxial
ex- radiocarpal joint
Term
Saddle joint (type of synovial joint)
Definition
Surfaces shaped like a saddle
biaxial
Term
Ball and socket joint (synovial joint)
Definition
multiaxial joint
ex- humerus into glenoid cavity
Term
Endomysium
Definition
areolar CT around individual muscle fibers or cells
Term
Endomysium
Definition
areolar CT around individual muscle fibers or cells
Term
Perimysium
Definition
thicker CT that creates bundles
Term
Epimysium
Definition
around entire muscle,
Term
Fascia
Definition
separates muscles or muscle groups
Term
Microstructure of Single Muscle Fiber/ Muscle Cell:
Definition
1) Sarcolemma (plasma membrane)
2) Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm): contains myofibrils (bundles of protein), glycogen and myoglobin
3)sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
Myofilament Types:
Definition
1) Thick filaments: protein MYOSIN (my, you've gotten THICK)
2) Thin filaments: protein actin
3) Elastic Filaments
Term
Motor Unit:
Definition
all muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
Term
Epicranius msucle group (function)
Definition
raise ey
Term
orbicularis oculi (muscle function)
Definition
squint
Term
zygomaticus muscle group function
Definition
smile
Term
orbicularis oris muscle function
Definition
pucker mouth
Term
mentalis muscle function
Definition
protrude lower lip
Term
buccinator muscle function
Definition
compress cheek
Term
masseter/temporalis muscle function
Definition
close jaw
Term
mylohoid muscle function
Definition
swallowing
Term
digastric muscle function
Definition
open mouth
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