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Unit 1- Structure of Matter
N/A
55
Science
8th Grade
11/14/2012

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Term
atom
Definition
a very small particle that makes up most kinds of matter and consists of smaller parts called protons, neutrons, and electrons
Term
atomic mass
Definition
average mass of an atom of an element
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of a given element; is the top number in the periodic table
Term
chemical change
Definition
any change of a material into a new material with different properties
Term
chemical equation
Definition
shorthand form for wirting what reactants are used and what products are formed in a chemical reaction
Term
chemical property
Definition
characteristic of something that permits its change to something new
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
process that produces chemical change, resulting in new substances that have properties different from those of the original substances
Term
compound
Definition
a substance produced when elements combine and whose properties are different from each of the elements in it
Term
condensation
Definition
change of matter from a gas to a liquid state
Term
density
Definition
physical property of matter that can be found by dividing the matter's mass by its volume
Term
electron
Definition
invisible, negatively charged particle located in a cloudlike formation that surrounds the nucleus of an atom
Term
electron cloud
Definition
area where negatively charged electrons, arranged in energy levels, travel around an atom's nucleus
Term
electron dot diagram
Definition
chemical symbol for an element, surrounded by as many dots as there are electrons in its outer energy level
Term
element
Definition
natural or synthetic material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means; has unique properties and is generally classified as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
chemical reaction in which heat energy is released
Term
freezing
Definition
change of matter from a liquid state to a solid state
Term
gas
Definition
matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions
Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition
type of mixture where the substances are not evenly mixed
Term
homogeneous mixture
Definition
type of mixture where two or more substances are evenly mixed on a molecular level but are not bonded together
Term
ionic bond
Definition
attraction that is oppositely charged ions close together
Term
kilogram
Definition
SI unit for mass
Term
law of conservation of matter
Definition
states that matter is not created or destroyed but only changes its form
Term
liquid
Definition
matter with a definite volume but no definite shape that can flow from one place to another
Term
mass
Definition
amount of matter in an object
Term
mass number
Definition
sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
matter
Definition
anything that takes up space and has mass
Term
melting
Definition
change of matter from a solid state to a liquid state
Term
metal
Definition
element that is malleable, ductile, a good conductor of electricity, and generally has a shiny or metallic luster
Term
metalloid
Definition
element that has characteristics of both metals and nonmetals and is a solid at room temperature
Term
mixture
Definition
a combination of compounds and elements that has not formed a new substance and whose proportions can be changed without changing the mixture's identity
Term
molecule
Definition
neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons
Term
neutron
Definition
an uncharged particle located in the nucleus of an atom
Term
nonmetals
Definition
elements that are usually gases or brittle solids and poor conductors of electricity and heat; are the basis of the chemicals of life
Term
nucleus
Definition
positively charged, central part of an atom
Term
physical change
Definition
any change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter in whcih the matter's identity remains the same
Term
physical property
Definition
any characteristic of matter-such as color, shape, and taste-that can be detected by the senses without changing the identity of the matter
Term
precipitate
Definition
solid that comes back out of its solution because of a chemical reaction or physical change
Term
product
Definition
substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction
Term
proton
Definition
positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom and that is counted to identify the atomic number
Term
reactant
Definition
substance that exists before a chemical reaction
Term
reactivity
Definition
describes how easily something reacts with something else
Term
salts
Definition
compounds made of a metal and a nonmetal that are formed along with water when acids and bases react with each other
Term
semiconductor
Definition
element, such as silicon, that is a poorer electrical conductor than a metal, but a better conductor than a nonmetal, and whose electrical conductivity can be changed by adding impurities
Term
SI
Definition
International System of Units, related by multiples of ten, designed to proved a worldwide standard of physical measurement
Term
solid
Definition
matter with a definity shape and volume; has tightly packed particles that move mainly by vibrating
Term
solubility
Definition
measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
Term
solute
Definition
substance that dissolves and seems to disappear into another substance
Term
solution
Definition
homogeneous mixture whose elements and/or compounds are evenly mixed at the molecular level but are not bonded together
Term
solvent
Definition
substance that dissolves the solute
Term
state of matter
Definition
physical property that describes a substance as a solid, liquid, or gas
Term
substance
Definition
matter with a fixed composition whose identity can be changed by chemical processes but not by ordinary physical processes
Term
vaporization
Definition
change of matter from a liquid state to a gas
Term
volume
Definition
the amount of space an object occupies
Term
weight
Definition
a measurement of force that depends on gravity; measured in newtons
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