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Unit 1 Exam
Scope of Microbiology, Domain Bacteria
24
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
02/19/2014

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Eukaryote
Definition
A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus. (found in multi-cell organisms, ie: human)
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
The main pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid; also called Embden-Meyerhof Pathway.
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
Respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.
Term
Transcription
Definition
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
Term
Translation
Definition
The use of mRNA as a template in the synthesis of protein.
Term
Microbiology
Definition
The study of microorganisms
- can't be seen with naked eye
- includes: bacteria, fungi, protists
- eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Term
Non-living agents of disease
Definition
Viruses, viroids, prions
Term
Robert Hooke
Definition
Gave us the term "cell" (1660)
Term
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
Advances in microscope lenses that allowed observation of bacteria and protozoa (1676)
Term
Spontaneous Generation
Definition
WAS a theory that life could arise from non-life. ie: maggots came from meat
Term
Biogenesis
Definition
Living organisms only come from other living organisms.
Term
Francesco Redi
Definition
- Meat jars experiment
- maggots only appear in open jar
Redi disproves spontaneous generation
Term
Louis Pasteur
Definition
- invented swan neck flask
* put boiled meat broth in flask
* boiled meat to kill bacteria (Pasteurization)
* trapped bacteria in flask, no bacteria in meat brother
- Pasteur's experiment could not always be repeated because of endospores.
Term
Endospores
Definition
bacteria that can go in and out of dormancy
Term
Tyndallization
Definition
boiling for different lengths of time to destroy spores
Term
Koch
Definition
gave us design to distinguish the link between certain bacteria and certain disease
Term
Germ Theory of Disease (Koch)
Definition
1 - isolate microorganism from diseased
2 - grow microorganism in culture
3 - inject healthy animal
4 - disease is reproduced
5 - microorganisms grown in culture
Term
Ignaz Semmelweis
Definition
(early 1800's) - found that women who had their babies at home had a greater chance of living than those who had it in hospital (childbed fever). Discovered the importance of washing hands.
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
Discovered that using carbolic acid (as antiseptic) could help prevent disease in the hospital.
Term
Pasteurization
Definition
a heating/cooling process that reduces pathogens to the point where it will not give you disease (does not eliminate all organisms).
Term
Edward Jenner
Definition
Vaccination. Found that milkmaids did not get smallpox because they were exposed to cowpox and their bodies generated an immunity to it and subsequently to smallpox.
Term
Alexander Fleming
Definition
Chemotherapy. Discovered penicillin from fungus on petri dish.
Term
Franklin, Creek and Watson
Definition
Helped us to understand the double-helix structure of DNA. Franklin took the x-ray that helped them all see the structure.
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